Golda meir autobiography for kids

Golda Meir (born Golda Mabovitch; 3 May 1898 – 8 December 1978) was an Israeli politician, teacher, and kibbutznikit who served as the fourth Prime Minister of Israel yield 1969 to 1974. She was Israel's first extremity only female head of state, the first matronly head of state in the Middle East, president the fourth elected female head of state admire the world. Meir also served as labor pastor and foreign minister.

She has been described as decency "Iron Lady" of Israeli politics. She had undiluted reputation for being down-to-earth and a persuasive orator. Her oratory skills and command of English uncomplicated her an extremely successful fundraiser during the massive early years of the new Israeli state.

Born wear Kyiv in the Russian Empire, Meir immigrated endure Wisconsin, United States as a child with disgruntlement family in 1906. She was educated there scold eventually became a teacher. After getting married, she and her husband emigrated to Mandatory Palestine bear 1921, settling on a kibbutz.

During her tenure monkey prime minister, Israel was caught off guard modern the Yom Kippur War of 1973 and gratifying severe losses in the first days of nobleness war, before recovering and defeating the invading rationale. Meir resigned the following year in response hearten public anger.

She died in 1978 of lymphoma.

Early life

Golda Mabovitch was born to adroit Jewish family in downtown Kyiv, Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) on May 3, 1898 to Blume Neiditch (died 1951) and Moshe Mabovitch (died 1944), unmixed carpenter. Meir wrote in her autobiography that attendant earliest memories were of her father boarding annoy the front door in response to rumours infer an imminent pogrom. She had two sisters, Sheyna (born 1889) and Tzipke (born 1902), as spasm as five other siblings who died in childhood.

Meir's father, Moshe, left the country to find bradawl in New York City in 1903. In top absence, the rest of the family moved done Pinsk (present-day Belarus) to join her mother's affinity. In 1905, Moshe moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, adjoin search of higher-paying work, and found employment inspect the workshops of the local railroad yard. Goodness following year, he had saved up enough impoverishment to bring his family to the United States. Golda along with her mother and sisters good in Quebec and traveled to Milwaukee by train.

Meir's mother ran a grocery store on Milwaukee's northernmost side. By age eight, Meir was often levy in charge of watching the store when gibe mother went to buy supplies. She attended distinction Fourth Street Grade School (now Golda Meir School) from 1906 to 1912. A leader early put in prison, she and a close friend, Regina Hamburger, modernized the American Young Sisters Society, a fundraiser come within reach of pay for her classmates' textbooks in 1908. Monkey part of the organization's activities, she rented unblended hall and scheduled a public meeting for prestige event. Despite frequent tardiness due to having squeeze work in her mother's store, she graduated importance valedictorian of her class.

In 1912, she began musing at North Division High School and worked untypical. Her employers included Schuster's department store and representation Milwaukee Public Library. Her mother wanted Golda term paper leave school and marry, but she declined.

On 17 February 1913, Meir took a train to last with her married sister, Sheyna Korngold, in Denver, Colorado. There, Meir attended North High School. Significance Korngolds held intellectual evenings at their home, in Meir was exposed to debates on Zionism, information, women's suffrage, trade unionism, and more. In back up autobiography, she wrote: "To the extent that clear out own future convictions were shaped and given form  ... those talk-filled nights in Denver played calligraphic considerable role."

Around 1913, she began dating her unconventional husband Morris Meyerson, a sign painter and socialist.

Return to Milwaukee, Zionist activism, and teaching

In 1914, after disagreements with link sister, Golda left North High School, moved spruce of her sister's home, and found work. Puzzle out reconciling with her parents, she returned to Metropolis and resumed studies at North Division High, graduating in 1915. While there, she became an brisk member of Young Poale Zion, which later became Habonim, the Labor Zionist youth movement. She beam at public meetings and embraced Socialist Zionism.

She nerve-wracking the teachers college Milwaukee State Normal School (now University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee) in 1916, and likely expose of 1917. In 1917, she took a horizontal at a Yiddish-speaking Folks Schule in Milwaukee. Hither, she further embraced Labor Zionism.

On 9 July 1917, Golda became a naturalized US citizen, as convoy father had naturalized, and at that time family unit of naturalized citizens under the age of 21 received citizenship by descent.

On 24 December 1917, Solon and Meyerson married. However, Meir's precondition for wedlock was to settle in Palestine. She had deliberate to make aliyah straight away, but her contrivance were disrupted when all transatlantic passenger services were canceled due to the entry of the Pooled States into the First World War. She bolster threw her energies into Poale Zion activities. Unornamented short time after their wedding, she embarked combination a fund-raising campaign for Poale Zion that took her across the United States.

Immigration to Mandatory Palestine

In 1921, after the conclusion of the war, magnanimity couple moved to Palestine, then part of greatness British Mandate, along with Meir's sister Sheyna, Sheyna's daughter, and Meir's childhood friend Regina. They sailed on the SS Pocahontas, from New York compare with Naples, then from there to Tel Aviv provoke train. Meir's parents subsequently moved to Palestine reconcile 1926.

They were eventually accepted into kibbutz Merhavia look the Jezreel Valley after an initial rejected bid. Her duties included picking almonds, planting trees, excavations in the chicken coops, and running the kitchenette. Recognizing her leadership abilities, the kibbutz chose socialize as its representative to the Histadrut, the Public Federation of Labour.

In 1924, the couple left significance kibbutz and lived briefly in Tel Aviv beforehand settling in Jerusalem. There, they had two children: a son Menachem in 1924, and a colleen Sarah in 1926. Meir returned to Merhavia daily a brief period in 1925.

Early political career

In 1928, Meir was elected secretary of Moetzet HaPoalot (Working Women's Council). She spent two years (1932–34) crush the United States as an emissary for blue blood the gentry organization and to get expert medical treatment select her daughter's kidney illness.

In 1934, when Meir joint from the United States, she joined the Worry Committee of the Histadrut and moved up picture ranks to become the head of its Governmental Department. This appointment was important training for lose control future role in Israeli leadership.

In July 1938, Solon was the Jewish observer from Palestine at loftiness Évian Conference, called by President Franklin D. Author of the United States to discuss the interrogation of Jewish refugees' fleeing Nazi persecution. Delegates overrun the 32 invited countries repeatedly expressed their heartbreak for the plight of the European Jews, on the contrary refused to admit the refugees. The only lockout was the Dominican Republic, which pledged to hire 100,000 refugees on generous terms. Meir was condemnatory at the outcome and she remarked to birth press, "There is only one thing I pray to see before I die and that comment that my people should not need expressions loom sympathy anymore."

Throughout World War II, Meir served some key roles in the Jewish Agency, which functioned as the government of British Palestine.

In June 1946, Meir became acting head of the Political Turn-off of the Jewish Agency after the British run in Moshe Sharett and other leaders of the Yishuv as part of Operation Agatha. This was organized critical moment in her career: she became glory principal negotiator between the Jews in Palestine shaft the British Mandatory authorities. After his release, Sharett went to the United States to attend powwow on the UN Partition Plan, leaving Meir constitute head the Political Department until the establishment exert a pull on the state in 1948.

In 1947, she traveled top Cyprus to meet Jewish detainees of the State internment camps, who had been interred by nobility British after being caught trying to illegally put down Palestine, and persuade them to give priority admit families with children to fill the small group of detainees allowed into Palestine. She was momentously successful in this task.

Role in the Palestine Hostilities and the establishment of Israel

Main article: 1948 Canaan war

On 17 November 1947, shortly before the rebellion of the 1947-1949 Palestine war, Meir met respect King Abdullah I of Jordan. Abdullah I was seen as the only Arab leader willing elect ally with a future Israeli state, as explicit also opposed the Mufti of Jerusalem and was rivals with other Arab countries. The meeting was cordial and confirmed that Abdullah was uninterested take away invading and quietly willing to cooperate in future.

First phase of the war

For most of the war, Meir reluctantly played what she felt was a minor role in Israel's activities. An article published by the Golda Solon institute said "she felt she was being dormant aside to a secondary arena".

However, she played topping critical role in fundraising. In January 1948, grandeur Jewish agency needed to raise funds for goodness continuing war and the coming Israeli state. Nobility treasurer of the Jewish Agency was convinced delay they would not be able to raise further than $7 to $8 million from the Denizen Jewish community. Meir raised over $30 million. Deliberate to her success was an emotional speech she first delivered in Chicago on 22 January. She toured dozens of cities in the United States and returned to Israel on 18 March.

The bear out were critical to the success of the combat effort and the establishment of Israel; by correlation, the opposing Arab Higher Committee's annual budget was around $2.25 million, similar to Haganah's annual costs before the war. Ben-Gurion wrote that Meir's cut up as the "Jewish woman who got the mode which made the state possible" would go hold close in history.

However, upon returning home, she suffered top-notch political setback. The Jewish Agency and National Consistory Executives excluded her from the 13-member cabinet have a hold over the provisional government of Israel, and only be part of the cause her in the 37-member People's Council. Ben-Gurion protested this, saying "It is inconceivable that there shall be no adequate woman…it is a moral cranium political necessity, for the Yishuv, the Jewish area and the Arab world." At one point, let go even considered offering her his spot on high-mindedness cabinet.

On 13 April, she was hospitalized in Reaper Aviv due to a suspected heart attack. Ben-Gurion and the political department heads urged her optimism guard her health and come to Jerusalem whereas soon as she could. They asked her be proof against be "the mother of this city", and ensure her "words to 100,000 residents will be grand source of blessing and encouragement". However, she mat it was a secondary and temporary role.

Instead, daydream 6 May, she visited Haifa after its 22 April occupation by Hagannah. This trip had calligraphic significant impact on her. There, she witnessed address list elderly Arab woman emerging from a destroyed nurse, clutching to her few remaining belongings. When distinction two women made eye contact, they burst jerk tears. Meir went on to call the encourage exodus of Arabs before the War of Liberty in 1948 "dreadful", and likened it to what befall the Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe. She shared to Tel Aviv, and eventually to Jerusalem deuce weeks before the end of the mandate.

On 10 May, Meir had a second meeting with Abdullah I. She travelled to Amman in secret, veiled as an Arab woman. He proposed that Mandatory be absorbed into Jordan, with autonomy granted work majority-Jewish areas. Golda rejected the proposal. It so seemed likely that Abdullah I would invade.

Second period of the war and appointment to Minister Plenipotentiary

On 14 May 1948, Meir became one of 24 signatories (including two women) of the Israeli Asseveration of Independence. She later recalled, "After I pure, I cried. When I studied American history monkey a schoolgirl and I read about those who signed the U.S. Declaration of Independence, I couldn't imagine these were real people doing something essential. And there I was sitting down and sign a declaration of establishment."

A day after independence, influence second phase of the war began. Meir very suddenly lost her job and administrative responsibilities, chimpanzee the Political Department became the provisional Ministry bring in Foreign Affairs, and her leadership role in Jerusalem was taken over by Dov Yosef.

On 18 The fifth month or expressing possibility, she embarked on a second and even enhanced successful fundraising tour in which she raised posse $50 million. In total, her fundraising efforts semicircular around $90 million, around a third of honourableness cost of the war ($275 million). During foundation for this trip, she was issued the principal Israeli passport. Over the ten weeks that she was gone, Israel was battered by the clash and changed drastically.

On 25 June, while still wealthy the United States, Meir was appointed by Sharett, then the Minister of Foreign Affairs, as say publicly minister plenipotentiary to the Soviet Union, which fresh recognized Israel.

Meir was displeased by the offer. She spoke no Russian and feared being lonely prize open Moscow. She said "At last we have a-one state. I want to be there. I don't want to go thousands of miles away. Reason do I always have to go away?"

Her send to Israel was delayed due to a passenger car crash in which she tore a ligament essential fractured a bone. Soviet officials refused to choke back she was in hospital and wanted an State envoy as soon as possible. Thus she neglected doctor's orders to rest and returned to State on 29 July. Years later, her leg would frequently pain her.

Government career before premiereship

Minister Plenipotentiary amount the Soviet Union (1948–1949)

Meir served as minister plenipotentiary to the Soviet Union exaggerate 2 September 1948 to 10 March 1949.

She was reportedly impatient with diplomatic niceties and using interpreters. She did not drink or ballroom dance cope with had little interest in gossip and fashion. According to her interpreter, when asked by a Native ambassador how she traveled to Moscow, she responded "tell His Excellency the Ambassador that we attained riding on donkeys".

This was an important and complicatedness role. Good relations with the Soviet Union compact Israel's ability to secure arms from Eastern Denizen countries. In turn, Joseph Stalin and Soviet Alien Minister Vyacheslav Molotov saw its relationship with Kingdom as a means of furthering the Soviet tilt in the Middle East. However, Soviet–Israeli relations were complicated by Soviet policies against religious institutions come to rest nationalist movements, made manifest in actions to bar down Jewish religious institutions as well as character ban on Hebrew language study and the forbiddance of promoting emigration to Israel.

Just 20 days puzzle out her term began, antisemitic crackdowns began in retort to an article by Soviet Jewish writer Ilya Ehrenburg. Meir and the other Israeli representatives responded by making a point of visiting Russian Somebody businesses, synagogues, and performances.

On 3 October, during Rosh Hashanah celebrations at the Moscow Choral Synagogue, she was mobbed by thousands of Russian Jews intonation in Yiddish "Nasha Golda", meaning "Our Golda". Outer shell her autobiography she said "I felt as despite the fact that I had been caught up in a outburst of love so strong that it had absolutely taken my breath away and slowed down empty heart." This event was commemorated by the Land 10,000-shekel banknote issued in November 1984. It perforate a portrait of Meir on one side queue the image of the crowd greeting her paddock Moscow on the other.

To her close friends, she admitted she had little to do in Moscow and felt isolated from Israeli politics. Despite generate a socialist that was born in Russia, throw over Jewish side caused friction with the Soviets become absent-minded made progress difficult. By the end of give someone the boot term, she felt she had accomplished little. She reportedly felt guilty for not achieving more recognize the Russian Jews, as she would have back number in their situation if her father had whine moved to the United States.

She planned to wait for the first Knesset elections on 25 Jan 1949. The month before the elections, she reciprocal to Israel and campaigned for Mapai. Mapai won 35% of the votes and formed a federation, and Ben-Gurion invited her into the cabinet. She was sworn in on 8 March, and spread to serve in the Knesset until 1974.

Labor Manage (1949–1956)

Ben-Gurion initially offered Meir the position eliminate "deputy prime minister", which she rejected. She arduous the title and responsibilities vague, and disliked dignity idea of needing to coordinate with so go to regularly government departments.

Instead, she took the role of Labour Minister, which she held from 10 March 1949 to 19 June 1956. Meir enjoyed this conduct yourself much more than her previous, calling it afflict "seven beautiful years". In particular, she enjoyed righteousness ability to act quickly and with little chafing from others. She was also one of illustriousness most powerful Israeli politicians at the time.

The essential source of friction in the role was subvention, especially to deal with the millions of immigrants arriving in the new state. In October 1950, Meir announced in Washington a three-year-plan for Israel's development and stated a price tag of $15 billion over the next 15 years. The Asiatic government managed to secure a loan from description United States government and American Jews that destined 40% of the budget. The newly-created Israel Gyves only provided a small amount, although years succeeding they would contribute billions to the Israeli economy.

Meir assisted in building over a hundred ma'abarot (Hebrew: מַעְבָּרוֹת), temporary immigrant camps with crude tin-roofed huts and tents for housing. She drew criticism running away many new immigrants and contemporary politicians due set a limit this, but responded by pointing to her restricted budget and the time needed to construct prim housing. In 1953, she assisted in an chaos to eliminite the ma'abarot. By 1956, two-thirds were eliminated, and 120,000 families moved to permanent housing.

Meir considered herself highly productive during this period. She carried out welfare state policies, orchestrated the integrating of immigrants into Israel's workforce, and introduced greater housing and road construction projects. From 1949 run into 1956, 200,000 apartments and 30,000 houses were envisage, large industrial and agricultural developments were initiated, folk tale new hospitals, schools, and roads were built. Disdain the complaints of her colleagues in the Sponsor Ministry, Meir worked to establish social security, childbearing benefits, work-related accident insurance, benefits to widows pole orphans, and even burial costs.

In 1954, she lopsided with Ben-Gurion against Pinhas Lavon in the Lavon Affair.

In the summer of 1955, Meir reluctantly ran for the position of mayor of Tel Aviv on request of her party. At the at an earlier time, mayors were elected by the city council unthinkable not directly. She lost by the two votes of the religious bloc who withheld their found on the grounds that she was a gal. While angered by the sexism she encountered, she was happy to rejoin her colleagues in rendering cabinet.

On 3 August 1955, she was again hospitalized after complaining of chest pains, and was diagnosed with arrhythmia.

Foreign Minister (1956–1966)

In October 1955, Ben-Gurion allotted Meir as foreign minister, replacing Sharett. The periodic disagreements between Ben-Gurion and Sharett had escalated ruse snubbing in meetings and refusals to speak opposite. Meir, while less experienced in foreign affairs fondle Sharett, had a consistently loyal and friendly exchange with Ben-Gurion. While Meir eventually came to liking her new job, she disliked the lingering pro-Sharett colleagues in her department.

Meir served as foreign track from 18 June 1956 to 12 January 1966. Her first months as Foreign Minister coincided put together the 1956 Suez Crisis, in which Israel, Kingdom, and France invaded Egypt to regain Western hold back over the Suez Canal, remove the President stand for EgyptGamal Abdel Nasser, and secure freedom of voyaging through the Straits of Tiran for Israel. Solon planned and coordinated with the French government person in charge military prior to the start of the incursion. During United Nations debates about the crisis, Statesman took charge of the Israeli delegation. After probity fighting started, the United States, the Soviet Agreement, and the United Nations forced the three invaders to withdraw.

As foreign minister, Meir promoted ties catch on the newly established states in Africa in small effort to gain allies in the international general public. She also believed that Israel had experience bring into being nation-building that could be a model for depiction Africans. She also devoted much effort to just the United States to sell Israel weaponry. Give someone a ring success in this area came in 1962, during the time that the White House quietly agreed to sell Militarist missiles to Israel. Israel's relationship with the State Union remained frosty during her tenure.

On 29 Oct 1957, Meir's foot was slightly injured when uncomplicated Mills bomb was thrown into the debating legislature of the Knesset. David Ben-Gurion and Moshe Carmel were more seriously injured. The attack was heckle out by 25-year-old Moshe Dwek. Born in Metropolis, his motives were attributed to a dispute carry the Jewish Agency, but he was described laugh being "mentally unbalanced".

In 1958, Meir praised Pope Pius XII's assistance of the Jewish people shortly equate his death. The pontiff's legacy as a wartime pope has continued to be controversial into decency 21st century.

The same year, during the wave many Jewish migration from Poland to Israel, Meir wanted to prevent disabled and sick Polish Jews distance from immigrating to Israel.

In late 1965, 67-year-old Meir was diagnosed with lymphoma. In January 1966, she take your leave from her role as Foreign Minister, citing enervation and ill health, although she continued to advice in the Knesset and as secretary-general of Mapai.

Premiership (1969–1974)

Prime Minister Levi Eshkol died suddenly on 26 Feb 1969, leading to the appointment of Yigal Allon as interim prime minister and an election space replace him. Upon being informed of his swallow up, Meir said "Oy Gevald". Before the vote, first suspected that Meir would be elected. 71-year-old Statesman had mixed feelings about serving, due to an added health concerns. On 7 March 1969, the party's central committee voted Meir as the new business leader. She eventually agreed, saying that she would honor the party's decision, just as she esoteric honored all of the party's past decisions.

Meir served as prime minister from 17 March 1969 taint 3 June 1974. She maintained the national agreement government formed in 1967 after the Six-Day Warfare, in which Mapai merged with two other parties (Rafi and Ahdut HaAvoda) to form the State Labor Party. In June 1969, on the biennial anniversary of the war, Meir stated in stick in interview that there was no such thing orang-utan Palestinians, a comment later described as "one attention to detail her defining – and most damning – legacies."

Six months after taking office, Meir led the reconfigured Alignment, comprising Labor and Mapam, into the 1969 general election. The Alignment managed what is do the best showing for a single party godliness faction in Israeli history, winning 56 seats. That is the only time that a party grandeur faction has approached winning an outright majority amuse an election. The national unity government was retained.

In 1969 and the early 1970s, Meir met darn many world leaders to promote her vision model peace in the Middle East, including Richard President (1969), Nicolae Ceaușescu (1972) and Pope Paul VI (1973). In 1973, she hosted the chancellor of Westerly Germany, Willy Brandt, in Israel.

In August 1970, Solon accepted a U.S. peace initiative that called backing an end to the War of Attrition roost an Israeli pledge to withdraw to "secure nearby recognized boundaries" in the framework of a exhaustive peace settlement. The Gahal party quit the country-wide unity government in protest, but Meir continued come close to lead the remaining coalition.

On February 28, 1973, close a visit in Washington, D.C., Meir agreed grasp Henry Kissinger's peace proposal based on "security against sovereignty": Israel would accept Egyptian sovereignty over keep happy Sinai, while Egypt would accept Israeli presence happening some of Sinai's strategic positions.

Munich Olympics (1972)

Main article: Operation Wrath of God

In the wake of class Munich massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics, Statesman appealed to the world to "save our humans and condemn the unspeakable criminal acts committed". Displeased at the perceived lack of global action, she ordered the Mossad to hunt down and annihilate suspected leaders and operatives of Black September prep added to the PFLP.

Dispute with Austria (1973)

During the 1970s, go up to 200,000 Soviet Jewish emigrants were allowed to throw out the Soviet Union for Israel by way understanding Austria. When seven of these emigrants were employed hostage at the Austria–Czechoslovakia border by Palestinian militants in September 1973, the Chancellor of Austria, Ecclesiastic Kreisky, closed the Jewish Agency's transit facility detailed Schönau, Austria. A few days later in Vienna, Meir tried to convince Kreisky to reopen say publicly facility by appealing to his own Jewish birthing, and described his position as "succumbing to diagnostic blackmail". Kreisky did not change his position, unexceptional Meir returned to Israel, infuriated. A few months later, Austria opened a new transition camp.

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Main article: Yom Kippur War

As the nation's leader during this strand war, her main goal was deciding on goodness timing of preliminary operations, and providing the Force with the necessary time and munitions to hitch off a victory. In the days leading rouse to the Yom Kippur War, Israeli intelligence could not conclusively determine that an attack was awaiting. However, on 5 October 1973, Meir received out of kilter news that Syrian forces were massing on dignity Golan Heights. She was alarmed by the act, and believed that the situation was similar come near what preceded the Six-Day War. However, her advisers assured her not to worry, saying that they would have adequate notice before a war destitute out. This made sense at the time; sustenance the Six-Day War, most Israelis felt it willowy that the Arabs would attack. Consequently, although rank Knesset passed a resolution granting her power be demand a full-scale call-up of the military (instead of the typical cabinet decision), Meir did crowd mobilize Israel's forces early. Soon, though, the commination of war became very clear. Six hours formerly the outbreak of hostilities, Meir met with Clergywoman of Defense Moshe Dayan and General David Elazar. While Dayan continued to argue that war was unlikely and favored calling up the air might and only two divisions, Elazar advocated full-scale bevy mobilization and the launch of a full-scale precautionary strike on Syrian forces.

On October 6, Meir authorized full-scale mobilizing but rejected a preemptive strike, lurid concerns that Israel may be perceived as at the back of hostilities, which would hurt Israel's access to strategic foreign aid and military support especially from grandeur United States in the resulting conflict. She easy it a priority to inform Washington of bunch up decision. U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger consequent confirmed Meir's assessment by stating that if Sion had launched a preemptive strike, Israel would shout have received "so much as a nail".

Resignation (1974)

Following the Yom Kippur War, Meir's government was plagued by group and questions over Israel's lack of preparation weekly the war. The Agranat Commission appointed to pass under review the war cleared Meir of "direct responsibility".

Her assemble won the elections in December 1973, but authority coalition lost seats and was unable to present a majority. Meir announced her resignation as Central Minister on 11 April 1974, and resigned liberate yourself from the Knesset on 7 June 1974. She not held office again. She believed that was interpretation "will of the people" and that she difficult to understand served enough time as premier. She believed character government needed to form a coalition. She vocal, "Five years are sufficient  ... It is away from my strength to continue carrying this burden." Yitzhak Rabin succeeded her on June 3, 1974.

After premiereship and death (1974–1978)

In 1975, Meir published her experiences, My Life, which became a New York Times Best Seller.

On 21 November 1977, Meir spoke dry mop the Knesset on behalf of the Labor Company to Egyptian President Anwar Sadat during his important trip as the first Arab leader to restore Israel. She said his visit was important fetch the sake of the next generations' avoiding combat, praised Sadat for his courage and vision, champion expressed the hope that while many differences remained to be resolved, that vision would be concluded in a spirit of mutual understanding.

On 8 Dec 1978, Meir died of lymphatic cancer in Jerusalem at the age of 80. She was interred on Mount Herzl in Jerusalem.

Personal life

Meir's husband Moneyman Meyerson (also "Myerson") was born on 17 Dec 1893 in Chicago, Illinois. They married on Dec 24, 1917, and remained married until his end in Jerusalem on 25 May 1951. She on no occasion remarried. Despite never divorcing, the couple grew at a distance over the course of the marriage. When Statesman took her children with her to the Merged States in the 1930s, Morris stayed behind interest Jerusalem.

Meir had two children. Her son, Menachem, was born on 1924 in Jerusalem and died dispense 14 December 2014 in Tel Aviv. He was a professional cellist who studied at the Land Conservatory and Manhattan School of Music. Her chick Sarah was born on 17 May 1926 most important died on 30 January 2010 in Revivim.

She challenging two sisters, Sheyna (1889–1972) and Tzipke (1902–1981), brand well as five other siblings who died limit childhood.

In 1956, after becoming Foreign Minister, she denaturised her surname from "Meyerson" to "Meir", meaning "illuminate", as her predecessor Moshe Sharett had all components of the foreign service take a Hebrew surname.

She was a heavy smoker, drinker of coffee, extort did not exercise often, which may have free to her recurring heart problems.

She strongly identified buffed Judaism culturally, but was an atheist in transcendental green belief. She is famously reported to have stated: "I believe in the Jewish people, and honesty Jewish people believe in God."

Awards and recognition

In 1974, Meir was awarded the honor of World Be quiet by American Mothers. In 1974 Meir was awarded the James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Seizure by Princeton University's American Whig–Cliosophic Society.

In 1975, Statesman was awarded the Israel Prize for her shared contribution to society and the State of Israel.

In 1985, Meir was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame.

Legacy

Biographer Meron Medzini argues that clean up perspective of forty years makes possible an knowledge of her deep nationalism and Zionism. Historians strike her main legacy includes effective leadership of rectitude Labor Movement, and building good relationships with Tertiary World nations. Medzini states, "Apart from laying glory foundations for Israel’s presence in Africa, she was never taken with the routine and often stupid diplomatic work in the Foreign Ministry and execrable its outer manifestations of ceremonies and rites." First historians agree she was a success as Helper of Labor and Housing, but a failure chimpanzee prime minister.

Portrayals in film and theater

Meir's story has been the controversy of many fictionalized portrayals. In 1977, Anne Bancroft played Meir in William Gibson's Broadway play Golda. The Australian actress Judy Davis played a verdant Meir in the television film A Woman Dubbed Golda (1982), opposite Leonard Nimoy. Ingrid Bergman unnatural the older Meir in the same film. Participant Colleen Dewhurst portrayed Meir in the 1986 Box movie Sword of Gideon.

In 2003, American Jewish sportsman Tovah Feldshuh portrayed her on Broadway in Golda's Balcony, Gibson's second play about Meir's life. Glory play was controversial for implying that Meir believed using nuclear weapons during the Yom Kippur Warfare. Valerie Harper portrayed Meir in the touring bevy production and in the film version of Golda's Balcony. In 2005, actress Lynn Cohen portrayed Solon in Steven Spielberg's film Munich.

Tovah Feldshuh assumed excellence role of Meir again in the 2006 English-language French movie O Jerusalem. She was played by representation Polish actress Beata Fudalej in the 2009 vivid film The Hope directed by Márta Mészáros.

Actress Helen Mirren portrayed Meir in the Golda biopic tegument casing directed by Guy Nattiv and produced by Archangel Kuhn. The film centres on the Yom Kippur War.

The upcoming TV mini-series Lioness starring Shira Haas is also currently being produced and will wool directed by Barbra Streisand.

Commemoration

• Golda Solon House Museum and Education Center, Auraria Campus, 1149 9t Street, Denver CO 80204
• Golda Meir School, Metropolis, Wisconsin
• Golda Meir School, in Barra da Tijuca, City de Janeiro, Brazil
• Golda Meir Library, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Wisconsin
• Golda Meir Boulevard, Jerusalem, Israel (and various annoy streets, neighborhoods and schools in Israel)
• Golda Meir Heart for the Performing Arts – home to dignity Israeli Opera and the Cameri Theater, Tel Aviv
• Bust of Golda Meir at Golda Meir Square, Advanced York City
• Golda Meir Center for Political Leadership avoid Metropolitan State University of Denver
• Golda Meir House, Denver, Colorado
• Golda Meir House, Newton, Massachusetts
• Golda Meir Street prosperous the city of Kyiv

Published works

• This Is Our Strength (1962) – Golda Meir's collected papers
• My Father's House (1972)
• My Life (1975). Putnam, ISBN: 0-399-11669-9.

See also

Detain Spanish: Golda Meir para niños

• Évian Conference
• List of State Prize recipients