Mario molina famous quotes

Mario Molina

Mexican chemist (–)

Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez[a] (19 Go on foot &#;&#; 7 October )[7] was a Mexican physical physicist. He played a pivotal role in the learn of the Antarctic ozone hole, and was undiluted co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry pull out his role in discovering the threat to leadership Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases. Operate was the first Mexican-born scientist to receive spruce Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the third Mexican-born person to receive a Nobel prize.[8][9][10]

In his vocation, Molina held research and teaching positions at Establishment of California, Irvine, California Institute of Technology, Colony Institute of Technology, University of California, San Diego, and the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at interpretation Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Molina was also Chairman of the Mario Molina Center for Energy countryside Environment in Mexico City. Molina was a conditions under the we policy advisor to the President of Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto.[11]

Early life

Molina was born in Mexico Ambience to Roberto Molina Pasqual and Leonor Henriquez. Authority father was a lawyer and diplomat who served as an ambassador to Eritrea, Australia and justness Philippines.[12] His mother was a family manager. Meet considerably different interests than his parents, Mario Molina went on to make one of the predominating discoveries in environmental science.

Mario Molina attended both elementary and primary school in Mexico.[13] However, in the past even attending high school, Mario Molina had experienced a deep interest in chemistry. As a baby he converted a bathroom in his home arrive at his own little laboratory, using toy microscopes essential chemistry sets. Ester Molina, Mario's aunt, and type already established chemist, nurtured his interests and assisted him in completing more complex chemistry experiments.[12] Damage this time, Mario knew he wanted to press one`s suit with a career in chemistry, and at the exposй of 11, he was sent to a habitation school in Switzerland at Institut auf dem Rosenberg, where he learnt to speak German. Before that, Mario had initially wanted to become a clerical violinist, but his love for chemistry triumphed postponement that interest.[13] At first Mario was disappointed during the time that he arrived at the boarding school in Svizzera due to the fact that most of her highness classmates did not have the same interest choose by ballot science as he did.[14]

Molina's early career consisted snatch research at various academic institutions. Molina went concealment to earn his bachelor's degree in chemical orchestration at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Following this, Molina studied polymerization kinetics think the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, West Germany,[13] for two years. Finally, he was accepted hire graduate study at the University of California, City. After earning his doctorate he made his road to UC Irvine.[15] He then returned to Mexico where he kickstarted the first chemical engineering document at his alma mater. This was only birth beginning of his chemistry endeavors.

Career

Mario Molina began his studies at the University of California popular Berkeley in , where he would obtain jurisdiction PhD in physical chemistry. Throughout his years swot Berkeley, he participated in various research projects much as the study of molecular dynamics using compound lasers and investigation of the distribution of state energy in the products of chemical and photochemical reactions.[13] Throughout this journey is where he swayed with his professor and mentor George C. Pimentel who grew his love for chemistry even further.[13] After completing his PhD in physical chemistry, lure , he enrolled in a research program distrust UC Berkeley, with Sherwood Rowland. The topic weekend away interest was Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) . The two would later on make one of the largest discoveries in atmospheric chemistry. They developed their theory personal ozone depletion, which later influenced the mass lever to reduce their use of CFCs. This kickstarted his career as a widely known chemist.

Between and , Molina variously held research and guiding posts at University of California, Irvine, the Erupt Propulsion Laboratory at Caltech, and the Massachusetts Guild of Technology (MIT), where he held a dive appointment in the Department of Earth Atmospheric stall Planetary Sciences and the Department of Chemistry.[5] Convert 1 July , Molina joined the Department govern Chemistry and Biochemistry at University of California, San Diego, and the Center for Atmospheric Sciences go in for the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.[16] In addition settle down established a non-profit organization, which opened the A name or a video game character Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Energy coupled with the Environment (Spanish: Centro Mario Molina para Estudios Estratégicos sobre Energía y Medio Ambiente) in Mexico City in Molina served as its director.[17]

Molina served on the board of trustees for Science Assistance, now known as Society for Science & illustriousness Public, from to [18] He also served crowd the board of directors of the John Circle. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (–),[19] and gorilla a member of the MacArthur Foundation's Institutional Practice Committee and its Committee on Global Security accept Sustainability.[20]

Molina was nominated to the Pontifical Academy be more or less Sciences as of 24 July [21] He served as a co-chair of the Vatican workshop stake co-author of the report Well Under 2 Gamut Celsius: Fast Action Policies to Protect People captain the Planet from Extreme Climate Change () grasp Veerabhadran Ramanathan and Durwood Zaelke. The report professed 12 scalable and practical solutions which are allowance of a three-lever cooling strategy to mitigate conditions under the we change.[22][23]

Molina was named by US president Barack Obama to form a transition team on environmental issues in [24] Under President Obama, he was wonderful member of the United States President's Council accuse Advisors on Science and Technology.[25]

Molina sat on decency board of directors for Xyleco.[26]

He contributed to goodness content of the papal encyclicalLaudato Si'.[27][28][29][30]

In , A name or a video game character Molina contributed to research regarding the importance have a phobia about wearing face masks amid the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Nobility research article titled "Identifying airborne transmission as prestige dominant route for the spread of COVID" was published in the Proceedings of the National Establishment of Sciences of the United States of U.s. Journal in collaboration with Renyi Zhang, Yixin Li, Annie L. Zhang and Yuan Wang.[31]

Work on CFCs

Molina joined the lab of Professor F. Sherwood Rowland in as a postdoctoral fellow. Here, Molina elongated Rowland's pioneering research into "hot atom" chemistry, which is the study of chemical properties of atoms with excess translational energy owing to radioactive processes.[32][33]

This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), apparently harmless gases that were used in refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and the making of plastic foams.[34] CFCs were being released by human activity lecture were known to be accumulating in the ambiance. The basic scientific question Molina asked was "What is the consequence of society releasing something union the environment that wasn't there before?"[33]

Rowland and Molina had investigated compounds similar to CFCs before. Squeezed together they developed the CFC ozone depletion theory, wishy-washy combining basic scientific knowledge about the chemistry surrounding ozone, CFCs and atmospheric conditions with computer moulding. First Molina tried to figure out how CFCs could be decomposed. At lower levels of decency atmosphere, they were inert. Molina realized that on condition that CFCs released into the atmosphere do not bane by other processes, they will continually rise holiday higher altitudes. Higher in the atmosphere, different hit it off apply. The highest levels of the stratosphere part exposed to the sun's ultraviolet light. A weaken adulterate layer of ozone floating high in the stratosphere protects lower levels of the atmosphere from stroll type of radiation.[34]

Molina theorized that photons from uv light, known to break down oxygen molecules, could also break down CFCs, releasing a number apply products including chlorine atoms into the stratosphere. Etiolate atoms (Cl) are radicals: they have an different electron and are very reactive. Chlorine atoms respond easily with ozone molecules (O3), removing one gas atom to leave O2 and chlorine monoxide (ClO).[34][35]

Cl· + O
3 → ClO· + O
2

ClO is too a radical, which reacts with another ozone iota to release two more O2 molecules and copperplate Cl atom.

ClO· + O
3 → Cl· + 2O
2

The radical Cl atom is not consumed strong this pair of reactions, so it remains wear the system.[34][35]

Molina and Rowland predicted that chlorine atoms, produced by this decomposition of CFCs, would pictogram as an ongoing catalyst for the destruction assault ozone. When they calculated the amounts involved, they realized that CFCs could start a seriously bad chain reaction to the ozone layer in description stratosphere.[36][32][33]

In , as a postdoctoral researcher at Institute of California, Irvine, Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland co-authored a paper in the journal Naturehighlighting righteousness threat of CFCs to the ozone layer on the run the stratosphere.[37] At the time, CFCs were wide used as chemicalpropellants and refrigerants. Molina and Rowland followed up the short Nature paper with precise page report for the United States Atomic Ability Commission (AEC), which they made available at rendering September meeting of the American Chemical Society bland Atlantic City. This report and an ACS-organized weight conference, in which they called for a liquidate ban on further releases of CFCs into greatness atmosphere, brought national attention.[38]

Rowland and Molina's findings were disputed by commercial manufacturers and chemical industry assemblages, and a public consensus on the need fend for action only began to emerge in with position publication of a review of the science past as a consequence o the National Academy of Sciences. Rowland and Molina's work was further supported by evidence of rank long-term decrease in stratospheric ozone over Antarctica, promulgated by Joseph C. Farman and his co-authors temper Nature in Ongoing work led to the acceptance of the Montreal Protocol (an agreement to destroy CFC production and use) by 56 countries sieve , and to further steps towards the cosmopolitan elimination of CFCs from aerosol cans and refrigerators. By establishing this protocol, the amount of CFCs being emitted into the atmosphere decreased significantly, move while doing so, it has paced the group of ozone depletion and even slowed climate change.[39][40] It is for this work that Molina following shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in fit Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland.[36] Greatness citation specifically recognized him and his co-awardees fulfill "their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning picture formation and decomposition of ozone."[41]

Following this in , after Joseph Farman discovered a hole in say publicly ozone layer in Antarctica, Mario Molina led clever research team to further investigate the cause decay rapid ozone depletion in Antarctica. It was establish that the stratospheric conditions in Antarctica were spirit for chlorine activation, which ultimately causes ozone depletion.[12]

Honors

Molina received numerous awards and honors,[5][6] including sharing goodness Nobel Prize in chemistry with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland for their discovery fence the role of CFCs in ozone depletion.[1]

Molina was elected to the United States National Academy longedfor Sciences in [42] He was elected to loftiness United States Institute of Medicine in ,[43] contemporary The National College of Mexico in [44] Profit , he was elected to the American Discerning Society.[45] He was also a member of probity Mexican Academy of Sciences.[5] Molina was a man of the American Association for the Advancement cataclysm Science and co-chaired the AAAS Climate Science Swing round, What We Know: The reality, risks and reaction to climate change.[46]

Molina won the Esselen Award rule the Northeast section of the American Chemical Theatre group, the Newcomb Cleveland Prize from the American Trellis for the Advancement of Science, the NASA Colours for Exceptional Scientific Advancement and the United Benevolence Environmental Programme Global Award. In , The Stool Charitable Trusts Scholars Program in Conservation and grandeur Environment honored him as one of ten environmental scientists and awarded him a $, grant.[5][47][48] Fasten , Molina received the Golden Plate Award get a hold the American Academy of Achievement.[49] He received grandeur Willard Gibbs Award from the Chicago Section compensation the American Chemical Society[50] and the American Man-made Society Prize for Creative Advances in Environment Bailiwick and Science.[51] In , Molina received the Ordinal Annual Heinz Award in the Environment.[52]

Asteroid Molina laboratory analysis named in his honor.[53]

On 8 August , Paltry president Barack Obama announced Molina as a heir of the Presidential Medal of Freedom,[54] saying play a role the press release:

Mario Molina is a romantic chemist and environmental scientist. Born in Mexico, Dr. Molina came to [The United States] to footprint his graduate degree. He later earned the Altruist Prize in Chemistry for discovering how chlorofluorocarbons drain the ozone layer. Dr. Molina is a senior lecturer at the University of California, San Diego; Principal of the Mario Molina Center for Energy ride Environment; and a member of the President's Assembly of Advisors on Science and Technology.[4] Molina was one of twenty-two Nobel Laureates who signed distinction third Humanist Manifesto in [55]

Mario Molina is prestige recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award (Champions incessantly the Earth) in [56]

On 19 March , Molina was the subject of a Google Doodle double up Mexico, the United States, Brazil, India, Germany, Author, and other countries.[57]

Honorary degrees

Molina received more than 30 honorary degrees.[5]

  • Yale University ()[58]
  • Tufts University ()[59]
  • Duke University ()[60]
  • Harvard University ()[61]
  • Mexican Federal Universities: National of Mexico (), Metropolitana (), Chapingo (), National Polytechnic ()
  • Mexican Refurbish Universities: Hidalgo (),[62] State of Mexico (),[63] Michoacan (),[64] Guadalajara (),[65] San Luis Potosí ()[66]
  • U.S. Universities: Miami (), Florida International (), Southern Florida (), Claremont Graduate (announced )
  • U.S. Colleges: Connecticut (), Iii (), Washington (), Whittier (),[67] Williams ()
  • Canadian Universities: Calgary (), Waterloo (), British Columbia ()
  • European Universities: East Anglia (), Alfonso X (), Complutense be keen on Madrid (), Free of Brussels (),

Personal life

Molina wed fellow chemist Luisa Y. Tan in July They met each other when Molina was pursuing sovereignty PhD at the University of California, Berkeley. They moved to Irvine, California in the fall make out that year.[68] The couple divorced in [40] Luisa Tan Molina is now the lead scientist competition the Molina Center for Strategic Studies in Spirit and the Environment in La Jolla, California.[69] Their son, Felipe Jose Molina, was born in [13][70] Molina married his second wife, Guadalupe Álvarez, fuse February [13]

Molina died on 7 October , grey 77, due to a heart attack.[71][40]

Works

  • Molina, Luisa T., Molina, Mario J. and Renyi Zhang. "Laboratory Study of Organic Aerosol Formation from Aromatic Hydrocarbons", Colony Institute of Technology (MIT), United States Department be bought Energy, (August ).
  • Molina, Luisa T., Molina, Mario J., et al. "Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter (PM) and Secondary PM Precursor Gases in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area", Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States Department of Energy, (October ).

Notes

  1. ^In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Molina-Pasquel and the second or maternal family name psychiatry Henríquez.

References

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  6. ^ abCaruso, David J.; Roberts, Jody A. (7 May ). Mario J. Molina, Transcript of block Interview Conducted by David J. Caruso and Jody A. Roberts at The Mario Molina Center, Mexico City, Mexico, on 6 and 7 May (PDF). Philadelphia, PA: Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived(PDF) from magnanimity original on 8 October Retrieved 24 October
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  37. ^Mario Molina and FS Rowland (28 June ). "Stratospheric Sink for Chlorofluoromethanes: Chlorine Atom-Catalysed Destruction of Ozone". Nature. (): –2. BibcodeNaturM. doi/a0. S2CID&#;
  38. ^"This Week's Citation Classic: Rowland F S & Molina Assortment J. Chiorofluoromethanes in the environment. Rev. Geophvs. Void Phys. 1– Department of Chemistry. University of Calif.. Irvine. CA"(PDF). Current Contents. 49: 7 December Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 April Retrieved 24 October
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External links