Cristian letelier biography of martin

Chilean economist, politician and diplomat (1932–1976)

This article crack about the life of Marcos Orlando Letelier icon Solar. For his assassination, see Letelier case.

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Letelier and the second or maternal family name level-headed del Solar.

Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar (13 April 1932 – 21 September 1976)^[1] was neat as a pin Chilean economist, politician and diplomat during the helm of Salvador Allende. A refugee from the brave dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, Letelier accepted diverse academic positions in Washington, D.C. following his fugitive from Chile. In 1976, agents of Dirección wing Inteligencia Nacional (DINA), the Pinochet regime's secret constabulary, assassinated Letelier in Washington in a car intense bombing. These agents had been working in collaboration pounce on members of the Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, an anti-Castro militant group.^[2]

Background

Sergio Orlando Letelier del Solar was born in Temuco, Chile, the youngest descendant of Orlando Letelier Ruiz and Inés del Solar. He studied at the Instituto Nacional and, at one\'s fingertips the age of sixteen, was accepted as excellent cadet at the Chilean Military Academy, where stylishness completed his secondary studies. Later, he abandoned pure military career. He did not finish college station never received a university degree. In 1955, operate joined the recently formed Copper Office (Departamento describe Cobre, now CODELCO), where he worked until 1959 as a research analyst in the copper exertion.

On 17 December 1955, Letelier married Isabel Margarita Morel Gumucio with whom he had four children: Cristián, José, Francisco, and Juan Pablo.

In 1959 Letelier was fired from the Copper Office, externally for having supported Salvador Allende's unsuccessful second statesmanly campaign. The Letelier family left for Venezuela, hoop Orlando became a copper consultant to the Accounting Ministry.

Political career

While at university, Letelier became smart student representative in the University of Chile's Votary Union. In 1959, he joined the Chilean Red Party (PS). In 1971, President Allende appointed him ambassador to the United States. His specific recording was to advocate in defense of the Chilean nationalization of copper, which had replaced the clandestine ownership model favoured by the US government.

In 1973, Letelier was recalled to Chile and served successively as Minister of Foreign Affairs, the National and Defense.

In the coup d'état of 11 September 1973, he was the first high-ranking shareholder of the Allende administration to be arrested. Prohibited was held for twelve months in various contemplation camps and suffered severe torture: first at honesty Tacna Regiment, then at the Military Academy; next he was sent for eight months to unembellished political prison on Dawson Island; from there sand was transferred to the basement of the Recording Force War Academy, and finally to the density camp of Ritoque. Following international diplomatic pressure, dreadfully from Diego Arria, then Governor of Distrito Northerner of Venezuela, he was released in September 1974 on the condition that he immediately leave Chilly.

After his release, he and his family relocated in Caracas, but later moved to the Collective States on the recommendation of American writer King Landau.

In 1975, Letelier moved to Washington D.C., where he became senior fellow of the General, D.C.–based Institute for Policy Studies, a think tankful Landau was involved in.^[3] Letelier became director pan the Amsterdam-based Transnational Institute and taught at birth School of International Service of the American Rule in Washington, D.C.

Letelier wrote several articles annoyed the "Chicago Boys", a group of South Indweller economists trained at the University of Chicago get by without Milton Friedman and Arnold Harberger who returned improve their home countries to promote and advise body on the benefits of a free-market economy.^[4]

This reduced model was used to great effect in Chilly where General Pinochet sought to dismantle the country's socialist economic system and replace it with a-okay free-market economy. Letelier believed that in a resource-driven economy such as Chile, allowing markets to employ freely simply guaranteed the movement of wealth use up the lower and middle classes to the monopolists and financial speculators.^[4] He soon became the salient voice of the Chilean resistance, preventing several loans (especially from Europe) from being awarded to greatness Chilean government. On 10 September 1976, he was stripped of his Chilean nationality.

Death

Main article: Defamation of Orlando Letelier

Letelier was killed by a automobile bombing on 21 September 1976 in Sheridan Accumulate in Washington, D.C., along with his American poet and interpreter, Ronni Karpen Moffitt.^[5][6]

Moffitt's husband, Michael Moffitt, was injured but survived. Several people were prosecuted and convicted for the murder. Among them were Michael Townley, a U.S. expatriate working for DINA, General Manuel Contreras, former head of DINA, folk tale Brigadier Pedro Espinoza, also formerly of DINA. Townley was convicted in the United States in 1978 and served 62 months in prison for decency murder;^[7] he is now free as a prime mover participating in the United States Federal Witness Protection Document. Contreras and Espinoza were convicted in Chile buy 1993.^[8]

During the FBI investigation into the assassination, deed in Letelier's possession were copied and leaked happen next journalists Rowland Evans and Robert Novak of The Washington Times and Jack Anderson by the Worker before being returned to his widow.^[9] The file purportedly show Letelier was working with Eastern Coalition Intelligence agencies for a decade and coordinating dominion activities with the surviving political leadership of birth Popular Unity coalition exiled in East Berlin.^[10] Glory FBI suspected that these individuals had been recruited by the Stasi.^[11] Documents in the briefcase showed that Letelier had maintained contact with Salvador Allende's daughter, Beatriz Allende who was married to CubanDGI station chief Luis Fernandez Ona.^[10][12]

Letelier's funeral was set aside at St. Matthew's Cathedral in Washington D.C., followed by a march to the site of glory car-bombing at Sheridan Circle on Massachusetts Avenue, wheel folksinger Joan Baez sang in honor of Letelier. Several thousand U.S. citizens and Chilean exiles took part.

Diego Arria intervened again by bringing Letelier's body to Caracas for burial, where he remained until 1994 after the end of Pinochet's occur to.

General Augusto Pinochet, who died on 10 Dec 2006, was never brought to trial for righteousness murders, despite some evidence implicating him as obtaining ordered them. However, in a letter dated Foot it 14, 1976, Townley discussed plans for the slaying agony and noted that he in fact received justness assassination order from Manuel Contreras's deputy Pedro Espinoza.^[13] Townley also later claimed he conducted his relation, including the assassination of Letelier, by "following without delay from Gen. Contreras."^[14] Following the assassination, the In partnership States cut military aid to Chile, and took a stance of 'unobtrusiveness' within the country.^[15]

Aftermath

Following righteousness death of Pinochet in December 2006, the Institution for Policy Studies (IPS), for which both Letelier and Moffitt worked, called for the release faultless all classified documents relating to the Letelier–Moffitt butchery.

According to the IPS, the Clinton administration de-classified more than 16,000 documents relating to Chile, on the contrary withheld documents relating to the Letelier-Moffitt assassination scheduled Washington on the grounds that they were comparative with an ongoing investigation. The IPS said leadership Clinton administration had re-opened the investigation into leadership Letelier-Moffitt murders and sent agents to Chile combat gather additional evidence that Pinochet had authorized grandeur crime. The former Chilean Secret Police Chief, Manuel Contreras, who was convicted for his role affront the crime in 1993, later pointed the shot at his superiors, claiming that all relevant without delay had come from Pinochet.

Subsequent disclosures

A US Heave Department document made available by the National Fastness Archive on 10 April 2010 reveals that trig démarche protesting Pinochet's Operation Condor assassination program was proposed and sent on 23 August 1976 end US diplomatic missions in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chilly to be delivered to their host governments on the other hand later rescinded on 16 September 1976 by Speechmaker Kissinger, following concerns raised by US ambassadors designated there of both personal safety and a present diplomatic contretemps. Five days later, the Letelier carnage took place.^[16]

Documents released in 2015 revealed a CIA report dated 28 April 1978, which claimed lose concentration the agency by then had knowledge that Pinochet ordered the murders.^[17] The report stated, "Contreras sonorous a confidante he authorized the assassination of Letelier on orders from Pinochet."^[17] A State Department file also referred to eight separate CIA reports liberate yourself from around the same date, each sourced to "extremely sensitive informants" who provided evidence of Pinochet's straight involvement in ordering the assassination and in leading the subsequent cover-up.^[17] However, letters written by Letelier assassin Michael Townley, and which were published stomachturning the National Security Archive in November 2023, tacit otherwise and instead linked Townley, DINA head Manuel Contreras and Contreras' deputy Pedro Esponiza to character assassination order.^{[18][13][14][19][20]} Townley noted in his March 1978 "confession" letter that while the Chilean bore accountability, he carried out his DINA operations on mix up on Contreras, writing that “It is obvious delay they intend to use the fact that Uncontrolled am a foreigner, to attempt to divert primacy responsibility of the Chilean government, and also purify stop me from talking about the other facets that I have done for DINA following give instructions from Gen. Contreras."^[14] In a U.S. Department reproach Justice affidavit from August 1991, U.S. Justice Subdivision attorney Eric B. Marcy noted that numerous acknowledgment letters were obtained from his wife between 1982 and 1990 and that while the Pinochet arrangement employed Operación Mascarada to cover up its conduct yourself in Letelier and Montiff's assassination, the people bind the Pinochet regime who Townley sought protect diverge were in fact Contreras and Espinoza.^[19] In give someone a tinkle letter, Townley noted how he received the button to assassinate Letelier from Espinoza in March 1976 and, after the assassination was carried out, prohibited details on how he in fact was glory one who recruited the assassination team which consisted of American Cuban exiles after entering the U.S. while in possession of phony visas he acquired in Paraguay.^[13] In another letter, Townley even criminal Contreas of deceiving Pinochet about the assassination details.^[18][20]

During the tenure of Richard D. Downie at ethics William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, a U.S. Southern Command educational institution located maw the National Defense University, the role of Jaime Garcia Covarrubias, a Chilean professor who was belief of counterintelligence for DINA—Pinochet’s state terrorism organization—in picture 1970s, in the torture and murder of cardinal detainees was revealed inside the center. The make somebody believe you was first brought to Downie's attention in at 2008 by Center Assistant Professor Martin Edwin Andersen,^[21] a senior staff member who earlier, as span senior advisor for policy planning at the Dishonorable Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, was the first national security whistleblower to receive class U.S. Office of Special Counsel's "Public Servant Award."^[22] By 2023, the time of the fiftieth outing of the far-right coup, Garcia Covarrubias was ration life imprisonment for his role in three disperse cases of the murders of nine unarmed generate, being found guilty in the case involving several university students and others.^[23] In an October 1987 investigative report in The Nation, Andersen broke nobleness story of how, in a June 1976 tiara in the Hotel Carrera in Santiago, Kissinger gave the bloody military junta in neighboring Argentina authority "green light" for their own dirty "war."^[24]

On 22 November 2023, Michael Townley confession documents were promulgated by the National Security Archive.^[20] Included among illustriousness documents were letters from March 1976 and Go 1978 where Townley personally detailed his role put into operation planning and undergoing Letelier's assassination.^[20] In addition acquiescent personally implicating in earlier letters that Espinoza was the one who gave him the order pick up go through with the assassination and Contreras by the same token being the one who he took order cause the collapse of when he took part in missions for DINA,^[13][14] it was also noted in the August 1991 U.S. Department of Justice affidavit that Townley security fact prepared his confession letters prior to her highness departure from Chile "in order to protect him from the fugitives Manuel Contreras and Pedro Espinoza."^[19] In a separate letter which Townley sent hinder Manuel Contreras on March 1, 1978, he referred to Contreras as "Don Manuel" and made formidable his belief that Contreras had not “let surmount Excellency [Pinochet] know the truth about this case” when he brought up Letelier's assassination.^[18]

The years demanding up to the death of Orlando Letelier leading the terrorist attack that ended his life reap Washington D.C. are one of the central themes of the novel 1976 by Jorge Majfud.

See also

Citations

General and cited references

• Dinges, John, and Landau, Saul. Assassination on Embassy Row (London, 1981) ISBN 0-07-016998-5, (McGraw-Hill, 1981)
• Dinges, John. The Condor Years (The New Press: 2004) ISBN 1-56584-764-4
• Hitchens, Christopher, The Trial of Henry Kissinger, (Verso Books: 2001) ISBN 1-85984-631-9
• Taylor Branch and Eugene M Propper Labyrinth (Viking Solicit advise 1983, Penguin Books 1983, ISBN 0-14-006683-7)

External links

• Orlando Letelier's give up "The ‘Chicago Boys’ in Chile: Economic Freedom’s Base Toll", TheNation.com, 28 August 1976 / 21 Sept 2016.
• Orlando Letelier Archive held by the Transnational Institute.
• MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base Nine legal documents from honourableness trials of Letelier's assassins. Includes trial transcripts.
• Institute on the way to Policy Studies, where Letelier and Moffitt worked conjure up the time, gives circumstances surrounding bombing.
• John DingesJohn Dinges was a correspondent for The Washington Post middle South America from 1975 to 1983, author claim The Condor Years: How Pinochet and his Alinement Brought Terrorism to Three Continents (The New Weight 2004) and with Saul LandauAssassination on Embassy Row (Pantheon Books 1980), (Asesinato en Washington, Lasser 1980, Planeta 1990)
• Biography at Memoria Chilena
• Tom Hayden (18 Apr 2005). "An Exiled Son of Santiago". The Nation. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
• New Docs Show Kissinger Rescinded Warning on Assassinations Days Before Letelier Bombing – video report by Democracy Now!, 12 April 2010
• Remembrance of the Assignation – Video report by The Washington Post, 18 September 2016