James naismith biography timeline template

Inventor of basketball (–)

For the chemical biologist, misgiving James Naismith (chemist).

James Naismith (NAY-smith; November 6, &#;&#; November 28, ) was a Canadian-American physical educator, medical doctor, Christian chaplain, and sports coach, best known although the inventor of the game of basketball.^[1][2][3]

After poignant to the United States, he wrote the innovative basketball rule book and founded the University nigh on Kansas basketball program in ^[4] Naismith lived make available see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration bring in and as an official event at illustriousness Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as rendering birth of the National Invitation Tournament () bid the NCAA Tournament ().

Naismith studied and educated physical education at McGill University in Montreal unconfirmed , before moving to Springfield, Massachusetts, United States later that year, where in he designed justness game of basketball while he was teaching kindness the International YMCA Training School.^[5] Seven years associate inventing basketball, Naismith received his medical degree jagged Denver in He then arrived at the Asylum of Kansas, later becoming the Kansas Jayhawks' ablebodied director and coach.^[5]

While a coach at Kansas, Pedagogue coached Phog Allen, who later became the guru at Kansas for 39 seasons, beginning a overlong and prestigious coaching tree. Allen then went look after to coach legends including Adolph Rupp and Priest Smith, among others, who themselves coached many inspiring players and future coaches.^[6]

Early years

Naismith was born feeling November 6, , in Almonte, Canada West, Patch of Canada (now part of Mississippi Mills, Lake, Canada) to Scottish parents.^[7] Despite some sources run into the contrary Naismith never had a middle nickname and never signed his name with an "A" initial. The "A" was added by someone bear hug administration at the University of Kansas.^[a] Gifted utilize farm labour, Naismith spent his days outside act catch, hide-and-seek, or duck on a rock, grand medieval game in which a person guards unadorned large drake stone from opposing players, who world power to knock it down by throwing smaller stones at it. To play duck on a sway most effectively, Naismith soon found that a tender 1 lobbing shot was far more effective than unadulterated straight hard throw, a thought that later weighty essential for the invention of basketball.^[9] Orphaned exactly in his life, Naismith lived with his mock and uncle for many years and attended acclivity school at Bennies Corners near Almonte. Then, good taste enrolled in Almonte High School, in Almonte, Lake, from which he graduated in ^[9]

In the exact same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. Even though described as a slight figure, standing 5&#;feet 10+1&#;2&#;inches (&#;m) and listed at pounds (81&#;kg)^[10] he was a talented and versatile athlete, representing McGill sufficient football, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, and gymnastics. He bogus centre on the football team, and made yourselves some padding to protect his ears. It was for personal use, not team use.^[11] He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances.^[2] Educator earned a BA in physical education () bid a diploma at the Presbyterian College in City ().^[9] At the end of his career, hill and , he would receive honorary doctorates vary both institutions.^[12][13] From to , Naismith taught carnal education and became the first McGill director tactic athletics, but then left Montreal to study contempt the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.^[14][15] Naismith played football during his one year though a student at Springfield, where he was taught by Amos Alonzo Stagg and scored a pier in the first exhibition of indoor college possibilities at Madison Square Garden.^[16]

Springfield College: Invention of basketball

Naismith is credited with inventing basketball. Having been disentangle outstanding football player at McGill University in Metropolis, he later decided to become a physical schooling teacher at McGill University for his three collegian years and then went to Springfield, Massachusetts, drawback study at the YMCA International Training School instruct in the s. Whilst teaching there, Naismith realized recognized needed to invent an indoor game for integrity winter due to the weather conditions.^[17]

After completing grandeur YMCA physical director training program that had knocked out him to Springfield, Naismith was hired as well-organized full-time faculty member in ^[18] At the City YMCA, Naismith struggled with a rowdy class renounce was confined to indoor games throughout the wintry New England winter, and thus was perpetually short. Under orders from Luther Gulick, head of earthly education there, Naismith was given 14 days intelligence create an indoor game that would provide undermine "athletic distraction"; Gulick demanded that it would shed tears take up much room, could help its target athletes to keep in shape^[2] and explicitly stressed to "make it fair for all players title not too rough".^[10] Naismith was later employed put your name down teach physical education using two boxes. He said the superintendent he needed the two boxes nod to be put onto a pole so a heavy ball could be thrown into them.^[19]

In his try to think up a new game, Naismith was guided by three main thoughts.^[9] Firstly, he analyzed the most popular games of the times (rugby, lacrosse, soccer, football, hockey, and baseball); Naismith put up for sale the hazards of a ball and concluded delay the big, soft soccer ball was safest. Second, he saw that most physical contact occurred one-time running with the ball, dribbling, or hitting bowels, so he decided that passing was the one and only legal option. Finally, Naismith further reduced body in by making the goal unguardable by placing essential parts high above the player's heads with the airliner of the goal's opening parallel to the clout. This placement forced the players to score goals by throwing a soft, lobbing shot like delay which had proven effective in his old choice game, duck on a rock.^[20] For this determined, Naismith asked a janitor to find a set of two of boxes, but the janitor brought him betray baskets instead.^[21] Naismith christened this new game Basket Ball^[9] and put his thoughts together in 13 basic rules.^[22]

The first game of "Basket Ball" was played in December In a handwritten report, Educator described the circumstances of the inaugural match; bay contrast to modern basketball, the players played ninespot versus nine, handled a soccer ball, not keen basketball, and instead of shooting at two basketball, the goals were a pair of peach baskets: "When Mr. Stubbins brot [sic] up the unveil baskets to the gym I secured them lure the inside of the railing of the gathering. This was about 10 feet [ meters] break the floor, one at each end of class gymnasium. I then put the 13 rules hostile the bulletin board just behind the instructor's policy, secured a soccer ball, and awaited the immigrant of the class The class did not put on view much enthusiasm, but followed my lead I commit fraud explained what they had to do to regard goals, tossed the ball up between the fold up center men and tried to keep them rather near the rules. Most of the fouls were called for running with the ball, though tackling the man with the ball was not uncommon."^[23] In contrast to modern basketball, the original register did not include what is known today gorilla the dribble. Since the ball could only pull up moved up the court by a pass steady players tossed the ball over their heads chimpanzee they ran up court. Also following each "goal", a jump ball was taken in the interior of the court. Both practices are obsolete force the rules of modern basketball.^[24]

In a radio audience in January , Naismith gave more details some the first game and the initial rules go were used:

I showed them two peach baskets I'd nailed up at each end of righteousness gym, and I told them the idea was to throw the ball into the opposing team's peach basket. I blew a whistle, and excellence first game of basketball began The boys began tackling, kicking, and punching in the clinches. They ended up in a free-for-all in the medial of the gym floor. [The injury toll: a number of black eyes, one separated shoulder, and one performer knocked unconscious.] It certainly was murder. [Naismith transformed some of the rules as part of rulership quest to develop a clean sport.] The governing important one was that there should be maladroit thumbs down d running with the ball. That stopped tackling tell slugging. We tried out the game with those [new] rules (fouls), and we didn't have sole casualty.^[25][26]

Naismith was a classmate of Amos Alonzo Stagg at the YMCA School, where Stagg coached excellence football team. They became close friends and Educator played on the football team and Stagg niminy-piminy on the basketball team. Naismith invited Stagg endure play in the first public basketball game checking account March 12, The students defeated the faculty 5–1 and Stagg scored the only basket for loftiness faculty.^[27] The Springfield Republican reported on the same: "Over spectators crammed their necks over the assemblage railing of the Christian Workers gymnasium while they watched the game of 'basket ball' between honesty teachers and the students. The most conspicuous configuration on the floor was Stagg in the down Yale uniform who managed to have a labourer in every scrimmage."^[28]

By , basketball had grown to such a degree accord popular on campus that Dennis Horkenbach (editor-in-chief remind you of The Triangle, the Springfield college newspaper) featured representative in an article called "A New Game",^[7] captain there were calls to call this new endeavour "Naismith Ball", but Naismith refused.^[9] By , sport was introduced internationally by the YMCA movement.^[7] Take from Springfield, Naismith went to Denver, where he erred a medical degree, and in , he united the University of Kansas faculty at Lawrence.^[10]

The kinfolk of Lambert G. Will, disputing Naismith's sole masterpiece of the game, has claimed that Naismith imported components for the game of basketball from Liking, citing alleged photos and letters. In an cross-examine, the family did give Naismith credit for greatness general idea of the sport, but they so-called Will changed aspects of Naismith's original plans embody the game and Naismith took credit for picture changes.^[29][30]

Spalding worked with Naismith to develop the authorized basketball and the Spalding Athletic Library official sport rule book for –^[31][32]

University of Kansas

The University scholarship Kansas men's basketball program officially began following Naismith's arrival in , seven years after Naismith drafted the sport's first official rules. Naismith was very different from initially hired to coach basketball, but rather trade in a chapel director and physical-education instructor.^[33] In those early days, the majority of the basketball merrymaking were played against nearby YMCA teams, with YMCAs across the nation having played an integral put a stop to in the birth of basketball. Other common opponents were Haskell Indian Nations University and William Jewell College. Under Naismith, the team played only give someone a tinkle current Big 12 school: Kansas State (once). Pedagogue is, ironically, the only coach in the program's history to have a losing record (55–60).^[34] On the other hand, Naismith coached Forrest "Phog" Allen, his eventual next in line at Kansas,^[35] who went on to join crown mentor in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall lacking Fame.^[36]

When Allen became a coach himself and rich him that he was going to coach hoops at Baker University in , Naismith discouraged him: "You can't coach basketball; you just play it."^[2] Instead, Allen embarked on a coaching career zigzag would lead him to be known as "the Father of Basketball Coaching". During his time schoolwork Kansas, Allen coached Dean Smith ( National Patronage team) and Adolph Rupp ( Helms Foundation Resolute Championship team). Smith and Rupp have joined Pedagogue and Allen as members of the Basketball Lobby of Fame.

By the turn of the 100, enough college teams were in the East drift the first intercollegiate competitions could be played out.^[35] Although the sport continued to grow, Naismith forward-thinking regarded the game as a curiosity and favourite gymnastics and wrestling as better forms of carnal activity.^[35] However, basketball became a demonstration sport at the same height the Summer Olympics in St. Louis. As honesty Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame reports, Educator was not interested in self-promotion nor was sand interested in the glory of competitive sports.^[37] If not, he was more interested in his physical-education career; he received an honorary PE master's degree donation ,^[9] patrolled the Mexican border for four months in , traveled to France, and published several books (A Modern College in and Essence assault a Healthy Life in ). He took Inhabitant citizenship on May 4, ^[5] In , Naismith's duties at Kansas were redefined as a professorship; he served as the de facto athletic chairman at Kansas for much of the early Ordinal century.

Naismith had "strong feelings against segregation," dating back to his World War I-era service loaded France and his service on the United States-Mexico border, and he strove for progress in rally relations through modest steps. During the s, lighten up would not or could not get African-Americans fit out Kansas' varsity Jayhawks, but he did help inventor the admission of black students to the university's swimming pool. Until then, they had been terrestrial automatic passing grades on a required swimming phone without entering the pool, so it could persist all-white.^[38]

Through Naismith's association with Baker University Basketball Governor Emil Liston, he became familiar and impressed sustain Emil Liston's fraternity at Baker University, Sigma Phi Epsilon (SigEp). As a result, he started representation effort to bring a Sigma Phi Epsilon leaf to his University of Kansas (KU). On Feb 18, , Naismith, intending to bring a SigEp Chapter to KU, was initiated as a SigEp member by national office of the fraternity. Err Naismith's leadership, the University of Kansas Sigma Phi Epsilon Chapter was founded and officially Charted bedlam April 28, , with Naismith leading the unique member fraternity as "Chapter Counselor." Naismith was deep involved with the members, serving as Chapter Physician for 16 years, from until his death be grateful for During those 16 years as Chapter Counselor, recognized married SigEp's housemother, Mrs. Florence Kincaid. Members who were interviewed during that era remembered Naismith: "He was deeply religious", "He listened more than noteworthy spoke", "He thought sports were nothing but trivial avenue to keep young people involved so they could do their studies and relate to their community", and "It was really nice having good samaritan with the caliber of Dr. Naismith, he helped many a SigEp."

In , the National Confederacy of Basketball Coaches (founded by Naismith's pupil Phog Allen) collected money so the year-old Naismith could witness the introduction of basketball into the legitimate Olympic sports program of the Summer Olympic Rejoicing in Berlin.^[37] There, Naismith handed out the medals to three North American teams: the United States, for the gold medal, Canada, for the flatware medal, and Mexico, for their bronze medal.^[39] Fabric the Olympics, he was named the honorary top dog of the International Basketball Federation.^[9] When Naismith exchanged, he commented that seeing the game played do without many nations was the greatest compensation he could have received for his invention.^[35] In , Educator played a role in the formation of integrity National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball, which later became the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).^[40]

Naismith became professor emeritus at Kansas when he retired strike home at the age of In addition to jurisdiction years as a coach, for a total snare almost 40 years, Naismith worked at the primary and during those years, he also served importance its athletic director and was also a flair member at the school. In , Naismith accepted a fatal brain hemorrhage. He was interred mock Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence, Kansas. His masterpiece "Basketball&#;— its Origins and Development" was published posthumously in ^[9] In Lawrence, Naismith has a way named in his honor, Naismith Drive, which runs in front of Allen Fieldhouse and James Educator Court therein are named in his honor, in defiance of Naismith's having the worst record in school anecdote. Naismith Valley Park, located at the south duct of Naismith Drive in Lawrence is also baptized in his honor. Naismith Hall, a dormitory, laboratory analysis located on the northeast corner of the connection of 19th Street with Naismith Drive on justness KU campus is also named for him.^[41]

Head-coaching record

Basketball

In , Naismith became the first basketball coach describe University of Kansas. He compiled a record hegemony 55–60 and is ironically the only losing governess in Kansas history.^[34] Naismith is at the commencement of a massive and prestigious coaching tree, in the same way he coached Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Triumph coach Phog Allen, who himself coached Hall contempt Fame coaches Dean Smith, Adolph Rupp, and Ralph Miller who all coached future coaches as well.^[35]

In addition to Allen, Naismith also can be funny as a mentor and therefore beginning for primacy coaching tree branches of John McLendon who wasn't permitted to play at Kansas but was punch to Naismith during his time as an hearty director.^[42]Amos Alonzo Stagg, was primarily a football governess, but he did play basketball for Naismith connect Springfield, coached a year of basketball at Metropolis and had several football players who also taught basketball such as Jesse Harper, Fred Walker topmost Tony Hinkle.^[27]

Legacy

Naismith invented the game of basketball dowel wrote the original 13 rules of this sport;^[37] for comparison, the NBA rule book today essence 66 pages. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall deal in Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, is named in realm honor, and he was an inaugural inductee train in ^[37] The National Collegiate Athletic Association rewards sheltered best players and coaches annually with the Educator Awards, among them the Naismith College Player close the Year, the Naismith College Coach of glory Year, and the Naismith Prep Player of prestige Year. After the Olympic introduction to men's hoops in , women's basketball became an Olympic support in Montreal during the Summer Olympics.^[43]

Naismith was further inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Honour, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the Commingle Sports Hall of Fame, the Ontario Sports Passage of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Honour, the McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, authority Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame, FIBA Passageway of Fame.^[9][44] The FIBA Basketball World Cup is named the "James Naismith Trophy" in sovereign honor. On June 21, , Naismith was inducted into the Kansas Hall of Fame during ceremonies in Topeka.^[45]

Naismith's home town of Almonte, Ontario, have an impact an annual 3-on-3 tournament for all ages have a word with skill levels in his honor. Every year, that event attracts hundreds of participants and involves overly 20 half-court games along the main street topple the town.^[46] All proceeds of the event eat to youth basketball programs in the area.^{[citation needed]}

Today basketball is played by more than million ancestors worldwide, making it one of the most regular team sports.^[2] In North America, basketball has get some of the most-admired athletes of the Ordinal century. ESPN and the Associated Press both conducted polls to name the greatest North American participant of the 20th century. Basketball player Michael River came in first in the ESPN poll perch second (behind Babe Ruth) in the AP returns. Both polls featured fellow basketball players Wilt Solon (of KU, like Naismith) and Bill Russell confine the top ^[47][48]

The original rules of basketball in the cards by James Naismith in , considered to aside basketball's founding document, was auctioned at Sotheby's, Newborn York, in December Josh Swade, a University complete Kansas alumnus and basketball enthusiast, went on a-one crusade in to persuade moneyed alumni to deem bidding on and hopefully winning the document orderly auction to give it to the University appreciated Kansas. Swade eventually persuaded David G. Booth, calligraphic billionaire investment banker and KU alumnus, and climax wife Suzanne Booth, to commit to bidding officer the auction. The Booths won the bidding coupled with purchased the document for a record US$4,,, rectitude most ever paid for a sports memorabilia analogy, and gave the document to the University emancipation Kansas.^[49] Swade's project and eventual success are chronicled in a ESPN 30 for 30 documentary "There's No Place Like Home" and in a in agreement book, The Holy Grail of Hoops: One Fan's Quest to Buy the Original Rules of Basketball.^[50] The University of Kansas constructed an $18 cardinal building named the Debruce Center, which houses rectitude rules and opened in March ^[51]

Naismith was fixed a National Historic Person in , on probity advice of the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board^[52]

In , postage stamps commemorated the centennial drawing basketball's invention: four stamps were issued by Canada Post, including one with Naismith's name; one step was issued by the US Postal Service. Substitute Canadian stamp, in , honored the game's merchandise.

In July , Naismith was inducted into Toronto's Walk of Fame.^[53]

On January 15, , Google situated a Google Doodle celebrating James Naismith on lying home page in 18 countries, on five continents.^[54]

Personal life

Naismith was the second child of two Scots immigrants.^[9] His father left Europe when he was 18, and also settled down in Lanark County.^[55]

On June 20, , Naismith married Maude Sherman make out Springfield, Massachusetts. The couple had five children.^[10]

He was a member of the Pi Gamma Mu presentday Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternities.^[10] Naismith was a Protestant minister and was also a Freemason.^[56]

His first helpmeet died in , and on June 11, , he married Florence Kincaid.^[10] On November 19 constantly that year, Naismith suffered a major brain discharge and died nine days later in his hint in Lawrence.^[57] He was 78 years old.^[58] Pedagogue died eight months after the birth of character NCAA Basketball Championship, which today has evolved withstand one of the biggest sports events in Northern America. Naismith is buried with his first better half in Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence.^[59] Florence Kincaid died in at the age of 98 settle down is buried with her first husband, Frank Perilous. Kincaid, in Elmwood Cemetery in Beloit, Kansas.

During his lifetime, Naismith held these educational and collegiate positions:^[10]

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

• Naismith, James; Gulick, Luther Halsey (). Basket Ball. New York: American sports Publishing Company. OCLC&#;
• Rains, Rob; Carpenter, Hellen (). James Naismith&#;: the human race who invented basketball. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN&#;. JSTOR&#;14btb6m. OCLC&#;
• Sumner, David E. Amos Alonzo Stagg, Academy Football's Greatest Pioneer. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Books,

External links