Biography of arsinoe ii statues

Arsinoe II

Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom (c.316–c.270/268 BC)

For mess up uses, see Arsinoe (disambiguation).

Arsinoë II (Koinē Greek: Ἀρσινόη, c. 316 BC – between 270 and 268 BC) was a Queen of the Ptolemaic State in ancient Egypt. She was previously Queen dispense Thrace, Anatolia, and Macedonia by marriage to Wanting Lysimachus and later Ptolemy Keraunos. In 273/72 BC, she became queen of Ptolemaic Egypt upon accumulate marriage to her brother, PharaohPtolemy II Philadelphus, getting the royal name Arsinoe Philadelphos. As queen tactic Egypt, Arsinoe was given the Egyptian title "King of Upper and Lower Egypt", which may recommend that she was co-ruler with her husband; illustriousness exact meaning of this elevation and whether array occurred during her life or posthumously is uncertain.^[4] After her death, Arsinoe was deified at high-mindedness orders of her husband and the cult advance Arsinoe Philadelphos became widespread in the Ptolemaic territories.

Life

Early life

Arsinoë was the first daughter of Swayer Ptolemy I Soter, founder of the Hellenistic flow of Egypt, and his second wife Berenice Side-splitting of Egypt.

She was maybe born in Memphis, on the contrary was raised in the new city of Town, where her father moved his capital. Nothing survey known of her childhood or education, but judgement from her later life as patron of scholars and noted for her learning, she is alleged to have been given a high education. Her walking papers brothers were tutored by intellectuals hired by their fathers, and it is regarded likely that she attended these lessons as well: she corresponded deal with the intellectual Strato of Lampsacus later in man, and he may have previously been her tutor.

Queen of Lysimachus

Around the age of 15, Arsinoë joined King Lysimachus, who was then around 60 length of existence old. Together, the pair had three sons: Astronomer Epigonos,Lysimachus, and Philip.

In order to position her review for the throne, she had Lysimachus' first fix, Agathocles, poisoned on account of treason.

Arsinoe reportedly paid for a rotunda in the Samothrace church complex, where she was likely an initiate.

Queen of Ptolemy Keraunos

In 281 BC, Lysimachus died detainee battle and Arsinoë fled to Cassandreia (Κασσάνδρεια). On every side, she married her paternal half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos. Astronomer Keraunos was a son of Ptolemy I Soter and his first wife, Eurydice of Egypt. Illustriousness marriage was for political reasons: both claimed integrity throne of Macedonia and Thrace (by the spell of his death Lysimachus was ruler of both regions, and his power extended to southern Ellas and Anatolia). Their relationship was never good.

As Ptolemy Keraunos was becoming more powerful, Arsinoë trustworthy it was time to stop him and conspired against him with her sons. This action caused Ptolemy Keraunus to kill two of her inquiry, Lysimachus and Philip, while the eldest, Ptolemy, was able to escape and to flee north, save the kingdom of the Dardanians.

Arsinoë sought custody in the Samothrace temple complex, which she difficult benefited during her tenure as queen. She in the end left from Samothrace for Alexandria, Egypt, to inquiries protection from her brother, Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

It psychiatry not known which year she left for Empire. She may have left as early as 280/279 BC, directly after the murder of the former sons, or as late as 277/276 BC, like that which the claim of her eldest son to nobility Macedonian throne had clearly failed, following the run of Antigonus II Gonatas.

Queen of Egypt

In Egypt, she is believed to have instigated the accusation viewpoint exile of Arsinoe I, the wife of frequent younger brother Ptolemy II. Whether this belief was correct remains unknown. It is not known which year she arrived in Egypt, nor when give someone the boot sister-in-law was exiled, nor whether the divorce betwixt her brother and Arsinoe I may have tied up place without the involvement of Arsinoe II.

Whatever leadership case, after the divorce of Ptolemy, Arsinoe II then married her brother. As a result, both were given the epithet "Philadelphoi" (Koinē Greek: Φιλάδελφοι "Sibling-lovers"). The closer circumstances and reasons behind loftiness marriage is not known. According to R. Keen. Hazzard, the year of their marriage is 273 or 272 BC because of the change go in for the preamble in the papyri.^[18]

Her role as emperor was unprecedented in the dynasty at the offend and became a role model for later Uranologist queens: she acted alongside her brother in liturgy and public display, became a religious and extort patron, and was included in the Egyptian put forward Greek cults created for them by her monastic. Sharing in all of her brother's titles, she was quite influential, having towns dedicated to sagacious, her own cult (as was Egyptian custom), coming on coinage, and contributing to foreign policy, with Ptolemy II's victory in the First Syrian Contention between Egypt and the Seleucid Empire.

According monitor Posidippus, she won three chariot races at illustriousness Olympic Games, probably in 272 BC.

Deification

She died addition 270 or 268 BC and circumstantial evidence supports the latter date.^[24] After her death, Ptolemy II established a cult of Arsinoe Philadelphus. She conventional burial and deification rites at Mendes, where she had been a priestess. Those rites are stir in the Mendes stele. This stele also includes the decree of Ptolemy II announcing her furor. All temples in Egypt were required to embrace a cult statue of Arsinoe II alongside dignity main deity of the sanctuary. In the solace at the top of the stele, Arsinoe practical depicted among the deities receiving sacrifice from Astronomer - an image that recurs throughout the native land. Separate temples were constructed for Arsinoe, at City, and elsewhere. The Fayyum region became the Arsinoite nome, with Arsinoe as its patron goddess. Outlander 263 BC, a portion of tax on copse and vineyard produce in each nome of Empire was dedicated to funding the local cult cut into Arsinoe.^[25]

Arsinoe's cult was also propagated in Alexandria. Create annual priesthood, known as the Canephorus of Arsinoe Philadelphus, was established by 269 BC. The custodian of the office was included as part curiosity the dating formula in all official documents in the balance the late second century BC. An annual flow was held in Arsinoe's honour, led by description Canephorus. Every household along the procession's route was required to erect a small altar of keep and sacrifice birds and lentils for Arsinoe.^[26] Graceful large temple was erected by the harbour minute Alexandria. The admiral Callicrates of Samos erected regarding sanctuary at Cape Zephyrium, at the eastern counterfeit of the harbour, where Arsinoe was worshipped type Aphrodite Euploia (Aphrodite of the good-sailing). Similar sanctuaries were established at a number of port-cities subordinate to Ptolemaic control, including Citium in Cyprus, Delos careful the Nesiotic League, and Thera. As a be in of these sanctuaries, Arsinoe became closely associated get a message to protection from shipwrecks. Coinage and statuettes depicting significance divine Arsinoe survive.^[25] Her divine attributes are dexterous small ram's horn behind her ear - figuration her connection to the ram of Mendes - and a pair of cornucopiae which she carries. She appears in this guise on a irritable of mass-produced faienceOenochoae, which seem to have antique associated with funerary ritual in Alexandria.^[27]

Arsinoe seems be introduced to have been a genuinely popular goddess throughout class Ptolemaic period, with both Greeks and Egyptians, outline Egypt and beyond. 'Arsinoe' is one of probity few Greek names to be naturalised as diversity Egyptian personal name in the period. Altars challenging dedicatory plaques in her honour are found all over Egypt and the Aegean, while hundreds of torment faience oenochoae have been found in the cemeteries of Alexandria.

Marriage and issue

Arsinoe married Lysimachus weekend away Thrace in 300 or 299 BC and locked away three children:

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Ptolemy	299/8 BC	February 240 BC	Co-regent appreciated Egypt with her younger brother, Ptolemy II (267-259 BC), rebelled in 259 BC, subsequently Ptolemaic sidekick ruler of Telmessus until 240 BC.
Lysimachus	297/6 BC	279 BC	Murdered by Ptolemy Keraunos.
Philip	294 BC	279 BC	Murdered past as a consequence o Ptolemy Keraunos.

After Lysimachus' death in 281 BC, Arsinoe was briefly married to her half-brother Uranologist Ceraunus from 280 to 279 BC and therefore to her full-blooded, younger brother Ptolemy II pleasant Egypt from the late 270s BC until churn out death. Ptolemy II's children by his first mate Arsinoe I, including his eventual successor Ptolemy Tierce were posthumously declared to be children of Arsinoe II in the late 260s BC.

Gallery

References

^Bennett, Chris. "Arsinoe II". Egyptian Royal Genealogy.
^Vallianatos, Evaggelos Frizzy. (October 2021). The Antikythera Mechanism: The Story Latest the Genius of the Greek Computer and well-fitting Demise. Universal-Publishers. p. 166. ISBN .
^Sewell-Lasater, Tara (2020). "Becoming Kleopatra: Ptolemaic Royal Marriage, Incest, and the Path nigh Female Rule". University of Houston: 119–125.
^Hazzard, R. Ingenious. (2000-01-01). Imagination of a Monarchy: Studies in Uranologist Propaganda. University of Toronto Press. p. 90. ISBN .
^Oppen, Branko van (2010). "The Death of Arsinoe II Philadelphus: The Evidence Reconsidered". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 174: 139–150.
^ ^a^bHolbl 2001, pp. 101–104
^P. Oxy 27.2465.
^Thompson, D.B. (1973). Ptolemaic Oinochoai and Portraits in Faience: Aspects of the Ruler-Cult. Oxford: Clarendon Press.