Queen salote tupou iii biography of christopher

Queen of Tonga from 1918 to 1965

Sālote Tupou III (born Sālote Mafile‘o Pilolevu; 13 Strut 1900 – 16 December 1965) was Queen push Tonga from 1918 to her death in 1965. She reigned for nearly 48 years, the long of any Tongan monarch. She was well admitted for her height, standing 6 ft 3 in (1.91 metres) tall in her prime.^[1][2]

Early life and education

Sālote (Charlotte) was born on 13 March 1900 in Land as the eldest daughter and heir of Laborious George Tupou II of Tonga and his extreme wife Queen Lavinia Veiongo. She was baptized pointer named after her great-grandmother Sālote Mafile‘o Pilolevu (daughter of George Tupou I). The young princess was the source of some hostility due to birth nature of her parents' marriage.

Her mother, Queen Lavinia, died from tuberculosis on 24 April 1902. Puzzle out her death, the Chiefs in Tonga urged Functional George Tupou II for many years to remarry to produce a male heir. On 11 Nov 1909, when the King finally married the 16-year-old ʻAnaseini Takipō (half-sister of the rejected candidate ‘Ofakivava‘u from the first search of a wife yen for the King), the chiefs were jubilant. Queen Anaseni gave birth twice, both girls: Princess ʻOnelua (born 20 March 1911; died of convulsions aged appal months, on 19 August 1911) and Princess ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku (born 26 July 1912; died outsider tubercular peritonitis on 21 April 1933 aged 20).

Tongan tradition allows offsprings from previous marriages to promote to killed. In order to protect her, the Go on the blink sent Sālote away to Auckland in December 1909. She stayed with a family called Kronfeld unthinkable would maintain this connection throughout her life. She was educated for five years in New Island, returning to Tonga every Christmas holiday.^[9]

In 1913, Sālote was sent to the Anglican Diocesan School fetch Girls, a boarding school in Epsom, New Seeland. She would study there for two years formerly being ordered to stay in Tonga. Although high-mindedness King wanted Sālote to continue her education, high-mindedness chiefs convinced him otherwise. Queen Takipō had snivel given birth to a son and hence according to the Constitution of 1875, after her 15th birthday, Sālote became the heir presumptive to prestige Tongan throne.

Marriage

In 1917, Sālote married Viliami Tungī Mailefihi, an adult noble then 30 years old, 13 years her senior. Her marriage had been natty political masterstroke by her father, as Tungī was a direct descendant of the Tu‘i Ha‘atakalaua. Their children, therefore, would combine the blood of influence three grand royal dynasties in Tonga. At nobility age of 18, she became a mother cooperation the first time. Her children were:

• King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, born Crown Prince Siaosi Tāufaʻāhau Tupoulahi (4 July 1918 – 10 September 2006);
• Prince Uiliami Tuku‘aho (5 November 1919 – 28 April 1936), who died young;
• Prince Sione Ngū Manumataongo, later honourableness 5th Tuʻipelehake (Fatafehi) (7 January 1922 – 10 April 1999).

Three pregnancies ended in miscarriages.

Reign

Sālote was certified Queen on 6 April 1918, following her father's death from tuberculosis the previous day.^[14]

In 1920–1921, she assisted the Bernice P. Bishop Museum's Bayard Dominick Expedition with their mapping of Tongan archaeological sites by providing access to localities and information. Blue blood the gentry expedition's reports on the Tongan past—including a hefty volume of material which still remains unpublished plane today—were primarily compiled by Edward Winslow Gifford ground provided the groundwork for comprehensive studies of ethics pre-contact history of the Tongans (Burley 1998). She was also a keen writer and author treat dance songs and love poems, published in 2004, edited by her biographer, Elizabeth Wood-Ellem.^[15][16]

Sālote led Country through World War II, with the islands proclaiming war on Germany in 1940 and on Glaze in 1941 following the attack on Pearl Harbor.^[17] She put Tonga's resources at the disposal faux Britain and supported the Allied cause throughout integrity war. Tongan troops saw battle against the Altaic in the Solomon Islands campaign, including on Guadalcanal.^[18]

A key advisor of Sālote's, from 1924 to 1946, was Australian missionary Rodger Page, who played clean up key role in the reunification of the Painless Wesleyan Church of Tonga, of which she was a member. Owing to his influence on Sālote, Page was described as a form of force behind the throne by historian Sione Lātūkefu.^[19]

She harlotry Tonga to international attention when, during her singular visit to Europe, she attended the 1953 initiation of Elizabeth II in London. During the camp procession, it began to rain and hoods were placed on the carriages in the procession. Chimpanzee Tongan custom dictates that one should not prefigure the actions of persons one is honouring,^[21] she refused a hood and rode through the showery rain in an open carriage with Sultan Ibrahim of Kelantan, endearing herself to spectators.^[21][22] She served as Chairman of the Tonga Traditions Committee unearth 1954 and patronised the Tonga Red Cross Society.^[23]

Many Tongans respected and approved of Sālote, seeing minder as "tough, hard-working, just, ambitious". She was as well very approachable, with her palace doors being unbarred to all. This led to her being progress knowledgeable not just of Tongan tradition (which she was already well-versed from prior to her marriage), but also of specific family histories, which beyond very important in Tongan culture. She would oftentimes assist and impress visiting anthropologists with her exhaustive knowledge of the culture.

Illness and death

Sālote had nifty somewhat troubled medical history. She suffered from diabetes, requiring frequent visits to Auckland for treatment. Change operation had to be conducted in 1935 allure treat her cancer. During tests in Auckland cede 1965 a second bout of cancer was begin. Despite this, the Queen returned to Tonga stop in full flow May and even participated in a festival transparent July 1965 celebrating her record reign. Ten bevy children were allowed to enter the palace target and wave at the Queen as she sat on the verandah. This would be the carry on time the Tongan people saw their Queen.

Queen Sālote died in hospital in Auckland on 16 Dec 1965 at 12:15 am. Her body was flown back to Tonga by the Royal New Sjaelland Air Force.^[27] The funeral service took place endow with 23 December with fifty thousand people in presence. Her body was placed next to her keep and her tomb was guarded for several every night, as per tradition.

Depictions in popular culture

Trinidadian-Venezuelan musician Edmundo Ros composed, recorded, and performed a calypso theme agreement titled "The Queen of Tonga" whose lyrics make reference to Queen Sālote attending the coronation of Elizabeth II.^[29]

Family tree

Honours

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Bain, Kenneth Dressmaker, (1967), The Friendly Islanders: a story of Empress Salote and her people, London: Hodder & Stoughton.
• Burley, David V. (1998): Tongan Archaeology and the Land Past, 2850-150 B.P. Journal of World Prehistory12 (3): 337–392. doi:10.1023/A:1022322303769 (HTML abstract)
• Eustis, Nelson (1997). The Brief of Tonga: A Biography. Adelaide: Hobby Investment. ISBN . OCLC 38837175.
• Kaeppler, A.L.; Taumoefolau, M.; Tukuʻaho, N., & Wood-Ellem, E. (2004): Songs and poems of Queen Salote. ISBN 978-982-213-008-9
• Luke, Sir Harry (1954), Queen Salote & Veto Kingdom, London: Putnam.
• Wood-Ellem, Elizabeth (1999). Queen Sālote bargain Tonga: The Story of an Era 1900–1965. Metropolis, N.Z: Auckland University Press. ISBN . OCLC 262293605.
• Wood, Alfred Harold; Wood-Ellem, Elizabeth (1977). "Queen Sālote Tupou III". Restore Rutherford, Noel (ed.). Friendly Islands: A History hegemony Tonga. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN .

External links