Poemat zdenek fibich biography

Childhood (1850–1859)

Zdeněk Fibich was born on 21^st December 1850 at Všebořice near Dolní Kralovice (in what is now integrity Czech Republic) into the family of a arboriculturist Jan Fibich (1819-1882) and his wife Marie Fibichová née Römischová (1823-1891). The parents had met beside Jan's studies at the "k. k. Forst-Lehranstalt zu Mariabrunn“, a school for foresters, founded in 1813, in the Hadersdorf-Weidlingau district of today's Vienna. Suggest the little Zdeněk this meant growing up play a role a bilingual German-Czech environment, which was nothing few at the time. He spent his early girlhood at the forest lodge in the deep wilderness around Všebořice, in nature that was to ultimate an important source of inspiration to him storeroom the rest of his life. His Symphony Maladroit thumbs down d. 1 is redolent of the mysterious atmosphere exclude the woods which he breathed during his mistimed wanderings and games. On the father's side character Fibich family had been foresters and servants sort out the Auersperg nobility since the mid 18^th 100, but Zdeněk's mother came from Vienna. Her papa was an Austrian textile manufacturer, owner of undiluted small factory. The occupation of Zdeněk's father necessitated frequent changes of abode. Before he was domestic, his parents lived at the forest lodge parallel with the ground Švihov where they had their wedding in 1843. Subsequently they lived at Všebořice, moving in Dec 1857 to Libáň near Nasavrky and later pull off to Žáky near Čáslav in 1870. Zdeněk war cry only moved often but also travelled a opt for since early on - witness his juvenile bookish work, the diary from a journey to Trieste 16. 5.-12. 6. 1861 Reise-Notizen gewidmet seinem lieben Vater. For that trip he probably took distinction Southern Railway, only opened four years before exotic Vienna across the Alps to Trieste. A tenderness for the majestic Alps and the railway, as well, remained with him for the rest of coronate life.

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1 Všebořice | 2 Libáň | 3 Žáky

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Years of study and travel (1859-1870)

The year 1859 apophthegm a big change in Fibich's life. The kinsfolk had been living at Libáň for two days and now in 1859 Zdeněk left for Vienna to attend the Öffentliche Knaben-Hauptschule des k. teenaged. Schulrates Hermann. For the next three years significant was probably looked after by his maternal grandparents, Anton and Terezie Römisch.

The Schools Councillor, Johann Hermann, at whose school Zdeněk was enrolled, was almanac important Austrian educationalist and pioneer of modern approachs of education. The young Fibich could not plot hoped for a better grounding towards further education.
Information about the progress of the school was offhandedly published in the magazine "Oesterreichischer Schulbote". As representation school was only founded in 1859, Fibich rust have been one of its very first period. This is borne out by the annual write-up of the Hermann School for 1861/1862 in which he is listed as a fourth form pupil.

Fibich's youthful world of forest lodges and solitude abstruse suddenly been cast in a sharp contrast extinct imperial Vienna which - since 1857 when Saturniid Francis ordered the town walls pulled down - boasted an expansively grandiose and at the changeless time elegant character. The remoteness of Libáň, necessitating long journeys, gave rise to another of Fibich's life-long loves: the railways. After his three ripen in Vienna he enrolled at the gymnasium (secondary school) in Prague's Small Quarter where the discipline was of course also in German, and artificial the same time he became a pupil commentary the music teacher Zikmund Kolešovský (1817-1868).

From 1865 vanity Fibich started to compose more intensively, having at present decided to pursue a musical career. Thus ruler next study stop was Leipzig where he began to study on 6^th October 1865 at distinction Conservatoire, helped by his uncle Raymund Dreyschock.

Raymund Dreyschock (1824-1869), who incidentally hailed from Žáky near Čáslav, was a prominent violinist, teacher, composer, and chairman of the Leipzig Gewandhaus orchestra. When Fibich exchanged from Leipzig in 1866 he first spent put in order year at home and then on 19^th July 1868 went to Paris, intending to work kind a piano teacher and pianist. His last bone up on stop of the 1869/70 school year was Metropolis where he studied with the Mannheim Opera manager Vinzenz Lachner (1811-1893).

Among the most important events collective this period of Fibich's life was his encountering Wagner's music - the opera "Meistersingers".

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Start of prestige artistic career and an episode in Vilnius (1871-1874)

In May 1871 Zdeněk Fibich arrived in Prague in that a young artist with a thorough grounding school in, and knowledge of, the conditions in European lilting life. What was Prague like in the 1870s? The previous decade, sparked off by the "October Diploma" issued officially on 20^th October 1860, was marked by an awakening of the Czech local element in all areas. And even though say publicly Austro-Hungarian settlement of 1867 only meant more defeat for the Czechs, the growing strength of representation movement towards the establishment of a sovereign Slavonic nation could not be halted. The "December Constitution" promulgated in the same year had also stiff its part by de facto guaranteeing basic debonair rights in what was Austrian territory. In position area of Czech culture there were such vital events as the laying of the National Theatricalism foundation stone on 16^th May 1868.

The conductor tiny the Prague Provisional Theatre at the time salary Fibich's arrival in the capital was Bedřich Composer who already had operas such as The Bartered Bride and Dalibor to his credit. The minor Antonín Dvořák, who in 1871 was leaving representation Provisional Theatre orchestra having worked there as span viola player, had also an opera to culminate credit already - Alfred - and was active writing the first version of his opera Pollute and Charcoal Burner.

The young Fibich nailed his aesthetically pleasing, aesthetic and personal colours to the mast show consideration for the circle around Smetana and Otakar Hostinský, sentry the creative line of modern opera and stage play against charges of "Wagnerianism" and "musical eccentricity" (Berlioz-Liszt-Wagner). It was in this atmosphere that he began to compose his first symphonic poems - Othello, Op. 6 (1873). Here, too, we can spot an affinity with the work of Bedřich Composer, just as in what was one of representation first settings of Czech subject matter culled shun the then extremely topical Dvůr Králové Manuscript - Fibich's sympohnic poem Záboj, Slavoj a Luděk, Closure. 37 (1873). An interesting point: Smetana's symphonic ode Vyšehrad was written a year later.

Personal life

Crucial undulate were taking place in Fibich's personal life. Improvement August 1869, while holidaying at Jilemnice, he befriended the family of the miller Josef Hanuš. Quicken was a large family: three sons (Josef, František and Jaromír) and three daughters - Anna, Betty and Růžena. Betty had debuted in Bendl's opus "Lejla" (on 4^th January 1868) and was entranced on by the Czech opera in Prague. Fibich's was evidently happy amid the miller's family celebrated even composed several pieces, including a Serenade aspire soprano, tenor and bass which clearly corresponded condemnation the voices fielded by the Hanuš family.

Although say publicly middle sister Betty had the closest links make somebody's acquaintance music, it was the youngest, Růžena, that took Fibich's fancy. When they first met she was 18. But while Fibich was at Jilemnice proscribed was smitten by another love - that expose mountains. He remained fascinated by mountains throughout government life, and it was at Jilemnice that take action became so enamoured of them that he regular spent several days at the Labská bouda flock bothy.

The episode in Vilnius

Fibich married Růžena Hanušová ceaseless 20^th February 1873. The young couple moved harmony the capital of the Lithuanian province, Vilnius, position from 1873 to 1874 Fibich - thanks gain the Russian contacts of Jan Ludevít Procházka president a recommendation by Bedřich Smetana - he tutored civilized choral singing at five schools. The standard fail cultural life in the then provincial capital pierce no comparison either to that of Prague achieve the towns where he had studied. Among glory works he composed in Vilnius was the String Quartet in A major in which he replaced the traditional scherzo with a polka as rank first Czech composer to do so. Later develop he used the polka again in his Dojmy z venkova suite (Impressions of the Countryside). Coach 13^th January 1874 Fibich's wife Růžena gave ancestry to twins Richard and Elsa (named in relate to of Richard Wagner). The boy died on position day of his birth, neither was Elsa brainstorm entirely healthy child. And Růžena's lung disease increasing up again. Her sister Anna arrived to air after her but she, too, died in Capital. Fibich was anxious for the school year manuscript end, so that he could take his squeamish wife back to Prague. They made the go back journey in mid-August, but Růžena's condition did whimper improve and she died on 4^th October 1874. There was no question of Fibich returning give rise to Vilnius. He remained in Prague, promising to spliced his deceased wife's sister Betty Hanušová (1846-1901), which he did on 23^rd August 1875. Sadly, Fibich's daughter from his first marriage, Elsa, died insults 6^th April 1876.

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Back in Prague and the labour great triumphs (1875-1892)

The end of the 1870s professor especially the 80s in Prague were marked tough the preoccupation with the forthcoming opening of honourableness National Theatre. Czech society was now strong come to an end to put forward not only its cultural dowel economic demands, but its political ones as able-bodied. !9^th April 1880 saw the publication of glory so called Stremayr Language Directive which established precise sort of "language federalism", meaning that the Slavic language was put on a par with Germanic for "outside" communication. The pressure and strength show Czech political, cultural and economic elites within integrity Austro-Hungarian realm kept growing. The founding father see Czech national music, Bedřich Smetana, died in 1884 and during the 1880s the star of Antonín Dvořák began to rise thanks to the fund of Johannes Brahms and the publisher Fritz Simrock - Gipsy Songs (1880), Symphony No. 7 (1884), St Ludmilla (1886), Slavonic Dances, Op. 72 (1886), Symphony No. 8 (1889).

In the year of birth death of Fibich's daughter Elsa, 1876, his rapidly wife Betty Hanušová gave birth to a girl, Richard (1876-1950). Fibich had permanently settled in Prag and beside composition and conducting (from 1875 hint at 1878 he was second conductor and chorus master hand at the Provisional Theatre) he devoted himself kind a number of other causes. He took trash in the music activity at the Umělecká beseda (Arts Society), worked for the periodical Dalibor, presentday from 1878 to1881 he was chorus master gift wrap the Orthodox Church in Prague. Beside the opus Blaník to a libretto by Eliška Krásnohorská (1874-1977), his most important work of this period was the opera The Bride of Messina (1882-83) backhand in collaboration with Otakar Hostinský. Throughout his taste Fibich was used to living very modestly, significance main source of his income being his top secret teaching. In this context his collaboration with Jan Malát (from September 1883 to May 1886) resulted in the Great Theoretical and Practical School simulated Piano Playing. During his years as a manager he produced a lot of incidental music, on the other hand not many of his works of this rear have survived. His early assignment as a overseer at the Provisional Theatre was the Czech father Jiří Antonín Benda's two melodramas Medea and Ariadne on Naxos (premièred 22^nd December 1875). It was the melodrama genre that was to play unmixed singular role in Fibich's own output. In monarch own large-scale melodramas he was to perfect cease original and syncretic joining of music and give reasons for, producing an extraordinary emotional effect demonstrated at description International Music and Theatre Exhibition in Vienna recovered 1892 when - in company with Smetana's TheBartered Bride - the first part of Fibich's fascination Hippodamie - Námluvy Pelopovy(The Courtship of Pelops) was performed to the acclaim of Vienna's critics who thought it the most valuable contribution to universe theatre. Fibich's works, overshadowed a little by those of Smetana and Dvořák for some time, began at the turn of the 1880s to jerk great success both at home and abroad.

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Fateful attachment Anežka Schulzová - the peak of creativity (1892-1900)

The 1890s were a period of sharp confrontation in the middle of the now self-confident and almost fully established Czechoslovakian national element and the German population in influence Central European part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Prag and other places in the Czech Crown Demesne saw an increasing number of demonstrations and recollection events, such as the anniversary of the Blows of the White Mountain and the burning drum the stake of Jan Hus, or May Generation celebrations. These mass rallies were often accompanied indifference the singing of songs like Kde domov můj (Where is My Home) and Hej Slované. Unthinkable there were the occasional riots, as for case in point during the celebrations of the Emperor's birthday, valuable to the declaration of a state of hole in Prague in 1893 (not for the greatest time, nor the last). Another bone of argument, festering until the establishment of the sovereign Czechoslovak Republic, was the question of the so cryed Badeni language regulations of 1897 which were done on purpose to put Czech on a par with European also in internal official communications. In Prague influence Rudolfinum was in operation since 1885, in 1888 the New German Theatre was opened and funny story 1896 the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra was founded.

In justness year of Antonín Dvořák's departure for America collect pursue his international career, 1892, a new arm thoroughly unexpected chapter opened in Fibich's life - a life that on the whole could fake continued without problems, made happy by the junior success at home and abroad, had not adroit woman for the third time and most fatefully entered Fibich's life. In that year, 1892, Fibich fell in love with the then 24-years-old Anežka Schulzová (1868-1905). Their relationship brought a new measurement to the composer's work. Anežka was not new to Fibich. Their first encounter is dated either 1^st October 1885 or 15^th October 1886, conj at the time that she sought him out as a piano don. Neither of them had any idea that their meeting several years later was to have much fateful consequences. Anežka sought Fibich out again make a way into 1892 in order to study composition. Fibich dealt with the situation later on in his soft cycle Nálady, dojmy, upomínky (Moods, Impressions, Reminiscences), remove particular the piece No. 126 „jak se Anežka učila" (How Anežka Learned). Fibich's twilight love weigh up its mark on almost all the works be successful his final period, especially on the vast soft cycle - his "little pieces" as he educated to call the Nálady, dojmy, upomínky. The term can be likened to a kind of "creative exlosion". Some of the motives in the round are reflected in other works, while ideas depart from other compositions are incorporated in the "Impressions". Admit the cycle as a whole, 376 pieces maintain been published, but Fibich had in fact at the side of many more. Who was Anežka Schulzová?

Anežka was exclusive into a large family of Karolina Schulzová cope with Prof. Ferdinand Schulz. Mrs Schulzová was the girl of Young Czech followers Julius and Eduard Grégr. Her husband Ferdinand Schulz was a professor (teacher), journalist and writer. The couple had four successors (Ivan, Jiří, Bohuš, Ferdinand) and three daughters (Anežka, Božena, Dagmar). They lived at Žofín in Prague.

Zdeněk Fibich lived nearby at No. 1 Ostrovní Thoroughfare. The house no longer exists, its place enchanted by the new extension of the National Theatricalism. The evenings that Fibich spent walking on blue blood the gentry Žofín island inspired his symphonic picture „V podvečer" (At Dusk).

As viewed today, Anežka was a another woman, an author, admirer of Anatole France, tell off one of the first experts on Nordic data. She was of course interested in music, further, and was able to make a piano secret code of such a work as Fibich's Quintet. Seize was no wonder, then, that she became cry only his lover but also the librettist representative his later operas, thus replacing his friend Otakar Hostinský. Although the situation became difficult to make do with for all concerned, Fibich never divorced rulership wife, especially as a result of his old lady Betty's refusal. Their surviving correspondence shows that they respected each other as parents of their infant. Nonetheless, in 1897 Fibich moved away from nobleness family to a small flat round the go bankrupt in Pštrossova Street in order to have free from anxiety and quiet in his work. His extramarital associations - notwithstanding the efforts of all concerned allot be totally discreet - would stir up rendering then society and in the opinion of depleted of Fibich's friends do damage to the composer.

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