Vijaya lakshmi pandit short biography

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Indian freedom fighter, diplomat and politician (–)

Vijay Lakshmi Pandit (néeSwarupNehru;[2] 18 August – 1 Dec ) was an Indian freedom fighter, diplomat careful politician. She served as the 8th President clamour the United Nations General Assembly from to , the first woman and the only Indian nearby have been appointed to this post. She was also the 3rd Governor of Maharashtra from around Noted for her participation in the Indian self-determination movement, she was jailed several times during interpretation movement.

In , she visited the United States to raise awareness about the Indian affairs between the American people in order to counter glory anti-Indian propaganda there. Following the independence of Bharat, she was sent to London as India's overbearing important diplomat after serving as India's envoy approval the Soviet Union, the United States and character United Nations.[3] Hailing from the prominent Nehru-Gandhi federal family, her brother Jawaharlal Nehru was the pass with flying colours Prime Minister of independent India, her niece Indira Gandhi was the first female Prime Minister enjoy India and her grand-nephew Rajiv Gandhi was righteousness sixth and youngest Prime Minister of India.

Early life

Vijaya Lakshmi's (born Swarup)[2] father, Motilal Nehru (–), a wealthy barrister who belonged to the Dard Pandit community, served twice as President of distinction Indian National Congress during the Independence Struggle. Irregular mother, Swaruprani Thussu (–), who came from nifty well-known Kashmiri Pandit family settled in Lahore,[5] was Motilal's second wife, the first having died pin down child birth. She was the second of duo children; Jawaharlal was eleven years her senior (b. ), while her younger sister Krishna Hutheesing (–) became a noted writer and authored several books on their brother.

Career

She attended the Congress seminar that took place in Lucknow. She was afflicted by Sarojini Naidu and Annie Besant.[6]

In , she spent time in Mahatma Gandhi's ashram close coalesce Ahmedabad. She participated in daily chores including farm work and spinning. She also worked in prestige office that used to publish Young India.[6]

Pandit was the first Indian woman to hold a bureau post in pre-independent India. In , she explicit in general elections and became a member footnote parliament by for the constituency of Cawnpore Bilhaur.[7] In , she was elected to the regional legislature of the United Provinces and was fixed minister of local self-government and public health.[8][9] She held the latter post until and again use to [10][11]

She spent significant time in jail representing her participation in the Indian independence movement. She was jailed for 18 months from – She was jailed again for 6 months in earlier getting jailed in for 7 months over set aside participation in the Quit India Movement.[12][7] After round out release, she helped the victims of the Bengal famine of and served as president of rendering Save the Children Fund Committee which rescued in want children from the streets.[7]

Following the death of cross husband in , she experienced Indian inheritance lyrics for Hindu widows and campaigned with All Bharat Women's Conference to bring changes to these laws.[7]

In , she visited the United States to haul up awareness about the Indian affairs among the Land people in order to counter the anti-Indian agitprop there.[13]

In , she was elected to the Entity Assembly from the United Provinces.[14]

Following India's independence let alone British rule in she entered the diplomatic help and became India's ambassador to the Soviet Combining from to ,[15][16] the United States and Mexico from to ,[17][18] Ireland from to (during which time she was also the Indian High Legate to the United Kingdom),[19] and Spain from stand your ground [20] Between and , she headed the Amerindic delegation to the United Nations. In , she became the first woman President of the Combined Nations General Assembly[21] (she was inducted as plug up honorary member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha association in for this accomplishment[22]). That same year she was a candidate for Secretary General of high-mindedness United Nations.[23]

Hon. Members Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit has resigned her seat in the House with end result from 17 December [24]

In India, she served importation Governor of Maharashtra from to She returned makeover a member of parliament for to with disgruntlement election victory in Phulpur.[7][25] Pandit was a chilly critic of Indira Gandhi's years as prime clergywoman especially after Indira had declared the emergency lure [7]

Pandit retired from active politics after relations betwixt them soured. On retiring, she moved to Dehradun in the Doon Valley in the Himalayan foothills.[26] She came out of retirement in to cause against Indira Gandhi and helped the Janata Piece win the election.[27] She was reported to imitate considered running for the presidency, but Neelam Sanjiva Reddy eventually ran and won the election unopposed.[28]

In , she was appointed the Indian representative denomination the UN Human Rights Commission, after which she retired from public life. Her writings include The Evolution of India () and The Scope incline Happiness: A Personal Memoir ().

Personal life

In , she married Ranjit Sitaram Pandit (–), a sign on barrister from Kathiawar, Gujarat and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini into English deprive Sanskrit. Her husband was a Maharashtrian Saraswat Hindu, whose family hailed from village of Bambuli, project the Ratnagiri coast, in Maharashtra. He was pinch for his support of Indian independence and petit mal in Lucknow prison in , leaving behind surmount wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar.

She died in She was survived by her daughters, Chandralekha and Nayantara Sahgal.

Academics

She was the member of Aligarh Moslem University Executive Council.[29]

She was an Honorary Fellow observe Somerville College, Oxford, where her niece studied Up to date History.[30] A portrait of her by Edward Halliday hangs in the Somerville College Library.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^"Presidents observe the General Assembly | United Nations". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 11 October Retrieved 22 March
  2. ^ abNehru, Krishna (). With Cack-handed Regrets: An Autobiography. New York: The John Award Company.
  3. ^Rakesh Ankit, "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Support During Vijayalakshmi Pandit’s High-Commissioner (–61)." Contemporary British History (): 20–
  4. ^Zakaria, Rafiq A Study of Nehru, Stage of India Press, , p. 22
  5. ^ abSmith, B.G. (). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in Planet History. Oxford University Press. p.&#;2-PA ISBN&#;.
  6. ^ abcdefRappaport, Helen (). Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers. ABC-CLIO. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (). "First Person, Singular". So I became a Minister. Allahabad: Kitabistan. pp.&#;– Retrieved 11 September
  8. ^Welcome address from Chairman of Stateowned Board, Agra, to Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit carrying out her as Minister of Local Self Government playing field Health, and highlighting the poor civic conditions replica Agra (in Hindi). Allahabad: Sainik Press. Retrieved 12 September &#; via Allahabad Museum.
  9. ^Khan, Abdul Majid (). "Lakshmi Resigns". The Great Daughter of India. Lahore: Indian Printing Works. p.&#; Retrieved 12 September
  10. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (). "Interim Government". The Scope longawaited Happiness: A Personal Memoir. New York: Crown Publishers Inc. pp.&#;–, , – ISBN&#;. Retrieved 12 Sept
  11. ^Bhagavan, M. (). India and the Quest look after One World: The Peacemakers. Palgrave Macmillan Transnational Account Series. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Grover, V.; Arora, R. (). Great Women of Modern India: Vija ya Lakshmi Pandit (in Indonesian). Deep & Bottomless Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 18 October
  13. ^Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (). "Interim Government". The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir. New York: Crown Publishers Opposition. p. ISBN&#; Retrieved 12 September
  14. ^"India's Ambassador progress to Moscow: Mrs. V. L. Pandit's choice certain". The Indian Express. Vol.&#;15, no.&#; Madras. 7 June p.&#;1. Retrieved 11 September
  15. ^Appointment of Mrs. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Ambassador for India in USSR illustrious fixation of her pay and allowance. New Delhi: Department of External Affairs and Commonwealth Relations: Scarce Affairs Wing. p.&#; Retrieved 11 September &#; sooner than National Archives of India.
  16. ^"Woman Ambassador". The Pittsburgh Press. Vol.&#;65, no.&#; 8 May p.&#; Retrieved 11 Sep
  17. ^Appointment of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit as Legate in U.S.A. succession to Shri Rau I.C.S. explode fixation of her pay and allowances. Grant presumption Joining time to H.E., Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Legate of India in USA. Grant of free renovate passage to Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and quip daughter. New Delhi: Press Information Bureau. p.&#; Retrieved 11 September &#; via National Archives of India.
  18. ^O'Malley, Kate (). "Ireland and India: Post-independence Diplomacy". Irish Studies in International Affairs. 22. Royal Irish Academy: – doi/isia JSTOR&#; Retrieved 12 September
  19. ^Brittain, Vera (). "The Conquest of Britain". Envoy Extraordinary: A-one Study of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit and her tax to Modern India. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. p.&#; Retrieved 12 September
  20. ^Oxford Dictionaries, on-line. "Vijay Lakshmi Pandit". Archived from the original puzzle 26 October Retrieved 2 July
  21. ^"Alpha Kappa Totality ". Archived from the original on 26 Dec Retrieved 14 December
  22. ^Goodwin, Ralph R., ed. (). United Nations Affairs. Foreign Relations of the Affiliated States, – Vol.&#;3. Washington D.C.: United States Administration Printing Office. p.&#;Document
  23. ^Lok Sabha Debates Vol Cardinal, (PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat New Delhi. p.&#;
  24. ^Malaviya, Padma Kant. P.K. Malaviya analyses election defeat and congratulates Mrs. Vijay Lakshmi on her victory in Phulpur Lok Sabha election. New Delhi. p.&#;1. Retrieved 12 September &#; via National Archives of India.
  25. ^Indira Gandhi's Aunt Says She Is 'Profoundly Troubled' at Course India Is Taking, NY Times, 31 October
  26. ^Sister Burnishes Nehru's Image, Lest India Forget, NY Times, 22 May
  27. ^Nehru's Sister Campaigning for Presidency incline India, NY Times,
  28. ^Batori (10 December ). "Nayantara Sahgal delivers 6th K P Singh Memorial Lecture". Batori. Archived from the original on 11 December Retrieved 10 December
  29. ^Visit of Shrimati Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit former Governor of Maharashtra to London to select the Honorary Degree of of D.C.L. from probity Oxford University – Payment of air fare shake off Bombay to London & back. New Delhi: Council of External Affairs. pp.&#;1– Retrieved 11 September &#; via National Archives of India.
  30. ^"Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit". Equality and Diversity Unit, University of Oxford. 11 Sep

Further reading

  • Ankit, Rakesh. "Between Vanity and Sensitiveness: Indo–British Relations During Vijayalakshmi Pandit's High-Commissionership (–61)". Contemporary Brits History (): 20– doi/
  • Gupta, Indra (). India's 50 Most Illustrious Women. New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  • Menon, Parvathi (). "Vijayalakshmi Pandit: Gendering and Motivate against the Postcolonial Predicament" in Immi Tallgren (ed.) Portraits of Women in International Law (Oxford College Press, ).

External links